How the Reccession Has Effected the Fast Food Sector

The business I have chosen is KFC as KFC is a worldwide business and very popular inside of the fast food industry behind fast food giants McDonald’s and burger king and operates in over 110 countries throughout the world as it is a worldwide business it will be affected in different ways in different places. Here are some factors which could have affected them in the recession: People have less disposable income As of the recession many people have less disposable income to spend on fast food as will be sticking to the essentials and their individual necessities in order for them to live.Many people were made redundant in the recession which will have of impacted KFC’s business as not a lot of people will be buying their products. Also if people have less money than they will pick the cheaper brand which will impact less on their spending or they will just cut out fast food all together this will impact KFC as it will be drawing less customers as the week goes on which will force the organisation to buy cheaper and lower quality products to sell the public which will make them lose customers as well as the quality wouldn’t be what it used to be. Unemployment increasesAs the unemployment rate throughout the world increases then less people will not have a sufficient amount of money to spend on high brand fast food restaurants and will have to cut out the spending for fast food altogether as it can be very expensive and overpriced. Unemployment will affect KFC as well as they will be getting rid of people in a way to decrease their main costs in the business in order for them to continue being one of the top high priced fast food restaurants in the fast food market becoming one of the top 5 fast food restaurants in the world behind the fast food giant which is McDonald’s and Burger King.Reduce in profit As KFC is a well-known American fast food restaurant which sells worldwide they sell millions or products globally. The loss of profi t will make them have to reduce all of the costs inside of the business for example: lower the amount of employees in the business to cut the cost of the wages to lower the risk of a loss in the business and also lower the quality of the produce used in the products as the price of the raw materials have gone up.As the price of the raw materials go up then the business will be release a lower quality product which will make them lose their customers if they continue to sell a product which does not meet the customer’s needs which will make them go down in the market and will make customers go to KFC’s main competitors for example McDonald’s.

National Security vs Individaul Privacy Essay

1. Your document’s heading is not formatted correctly. In the upper left corner of the first page, the words â€Å"Running head:† should preface a shortened version of your title. The upper right corner of the page should have the numerical page number. The shortened version of your title should be in all capital letters. On subsequent pages, the shortened version of your title should appear on the lefthand side, with a page number on the right-hand side. For additional information, visit the Ashford Writing Center located in Constellation. Click on Ch 7 -Sample Paper with Formatting Instructions. [Nicole Moore] 2. Instructor: Leon, You should be using a 12 pt. font, and double spacing your work. [Nicole Moore] Throughout history, there have been breeches to the security of this nation which caused an increase in awareness. Rights and civil liberties of the public have been cut, and in many instances revoked completely. Individual privacy is 2 1. Throughout Leon, You are not using the correct font. You need to be using  Times New Roman 12 pt. Please adjust for your final paper. Remember to use Times New Roman 12 point font per 6th edition APA guidelines. [Nicole Moore] 2. in awareness. an awareness of what? Make sure you are clear. [Nicole Moore] 3. Block quotations of more than 40 words should be double spaced per APA 6th edition guidelines. Each line should be indented 1/2 inch. Quotation marks should not be included, and the citation should be placed at the end of the quote following the punctuation. [Nicole Moore] 4. Since the attack on the World Trade†¦ Leon, please try reading this sentence out loud – what are you trying to say? I think you might be missing some words. How might you rework? [Nicole Moore] 5. In response, law enforcement agencies†¦ Are the agencies requesting them now, or have they been requesting them since 2001? You might want to use the past tense†¦ or say, â€Å"..agencies have been requesting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Nicole Moore]  important and if you take it away from the public, they will then feel an increase of intrusion and loss of privacy. â€Å"All human rights are indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated: the improvement of one right facilitates advancement of the others; the deprivation of one right adversely affects others. Freedom of expression and privacy are explicit parts of this international framework of human rights and are enabling rights that facilitate the meaningful realization of other human rights.† (Dunstan, 2011) Since the attack on the World Trade Center, U.S. soil have resulted in the tragic loss of thousands of innocent human lives. In response, law enforcement agencies are requesting broader and more pervasive laws to counter this security challenge. As technology has grown in leaps and bounds over the last three decades, it has also brought with it new challenges to protecting people’s privacy and curbing privacy violations. Determining the proper balance between citizens’ right, civil liberties, and concerns for security is a particularly vexing difficulty for the democratic societies. It has long been understood that civil liberties are neither absolute nor unequivocal and that there is normally tension between the carrier for democratic values and the desire to live in safety and security. â€Å"Citizens’ rights frequently collide with the 1. â€Å"Citizens’ rights frequently collide†¦ Great quote for right here. Double check the APA formatting guidelines – you want to put the period on the outside of the (). â€Å"†¦citizens† (Davis, 2008). [Nicole Moore]  rights of others and with governments’ ability to provide for the safety of its citizens.† (Davis, D. W. 2008) 1 National Security plays a part in every aspect of the world. What national security does is maintain the survival of  the state through the use of economic, diplomacy, power projection, and political power. Protections give a nation what it needs to posses economic security, energy security, and environmental security. The national valuables in this broad sense include current assets and national interests, as well as the sources of strength upon which our future as a nation depends. A former NSA director, Gen. Michael Hayden, now director of the Central Intelligence Agency, has said the NSA often gets FISA warrants for wiretaps. He knew that Bush was using this tool to gather information. Bush had the NSA employees also listen in on conversations without such warrants if they suspect links to terror groups, he said. â€Å"In its suit, the ACLU also contends that the NSA surveillance program violates First Amendment protections of freedom of speech and assembly by intruding into the private conversations and e-mail exchanges of individuals and organizations.† Deans, (2006) â€Å"Weeks after the September 11 attacks, Bush issued a top-secret order authorizing the National Security Agency to use its high-tech eavesdropping tools to listen in on phone calls and read electronic mail coming into the United States. The Fourth Amendment of the constitution prohibits â€Å"unreasonable searches and seizures† without judicial warrant affirming there is â€Å"probable cause† for suspecting criminal activity.† Deans, (2006) Despite the labors of the Bush administration to bypass the FISC system, FISA courts still exist and the number of warrant request coming before them has increased significantly in recent years. The use of FISA and its courts does protect the government from accusation that it violates the Fourth Amendment rights U. S. persons. Since the disclosure of the warrantless searches, President Bush has instructed the various intelligence organizations that the FISC system be used for all intelligence-gathering activities. The debate over FISA and its court is ongoing, with many critics believing that both the law 2. Is this another long quote? If so, you might consider the amount of quotes you are using, and rely more on your own writing and statements. Use the research to support your analysis, not fill up your paper. It generally requires the government to seek warrants before monitoring Americans’ communications. The  controversy over the FISC Court has intensified. The Bush administrations make it view known that the onerous requirements of FISA stood in the way of intelligence gathering. In a secret court proceeding before the FISA Appeals Court on September 9, 2002, with only government lawyers present, the Bush administration presented its case that the FISC had hindered the flow of information and had obstructed the president’s authority to conduct warrantless searches to obtain foreign intelligence information. â€Å"Less than an hour after President Bush signed the 2008 amendment, the ACLU filed a law suit challenging the law’s constitutionality. Because the 2008 amendment is scheduled to sunset in December, the ACLU is also calling on Congress to Fix FISA by prohibiting dragnet surveillance activities, and strengthening safeguards for privacy.† American Civil Liberties Union, (2012) Bush’s main goal was to gather as much information coming into the United States, but forgot about the fact that he would invade peoples’ privacy. It seem like everything was moving fast and no thought was put in it from the government. Our civil rights is right for us the citizens of this country to have privacy, the right of peaceful protest, the right to a fair trial, the right to personal freedom and the right of equal protection. However, when you take our freedom away for expressing ourselves, you violate our civil rights. This Act allowed him to violate the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution which further blurred the lines between national security and individual privacy. It is precisely the reason why we’re so skeptical about the implementation of national security over our civil rights. They 1. but forgot about the fact that†¦ I really take issue with the word â€Å"forgot† — I feel that you will be much better served, and have a stronger  paper, if you find a different word disregarded, ignored, etc†¦ [Nicole Moore] 2. Our civil rights is right for us the Our civil rights give the citizens of this country the right to†¦. [Nicole Moore] 3. why we’re who is â€Å"we’re†? do you mean some U.S. citizens? Be clear about your references. [Nicole Moore] forget about the little people that make up this country. One must understand that the problem that is in conflict with our civil rights here, relates more to internal security than it does to external. National security is important to the safety of this country but it should never intrude an individual privacy. The national valuables in this broad sense include current assets and national interests as well as the sources of strength upon which our future as nation depends on it. 4 4. National security is important†¦ This, Leon, should be your specific claim, and it should be in the beginning of your paper, not on page 6. [Nicole Moore] -6- Reference ACLU, (2012) American Civil Liberties Union’s Retrieve from http://www.aclu.org/national-security/fix-fisa-endwirelesstapping Atkins, S. E., (2008) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. ABC CLIO, Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/abcne/foreign_intelligence_su rveillance_act_of_1978 Davis, D. W., (2008) Civil Liberties and Security Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/peace/civil_liberties_a nd_security Deans, B., (2006) Domestic Wiretaps: Rights Suit Centers on U.S. security vs. privacy of citizens. The Atlanta Journal, Retrieved from http://searc.proquest.com/docview/337265486 Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/privacy Dunstan, A.H., (2011) Protecting Human Rights in the Digital Age.BSR Retrieved from http://www.bsr.org

How did Great Britain, France, and the United States respond to the Great Depression? Essay

In Great Britain, there were economic difficulties. For example, the decline of several industries led to high unemployment. In 1929, the Labour Party, which was the largest party in Great Britain, couldn’t solve the problems and fell from power two years later. A new government brought Britain out of the worst stages of the depression by using budgets and tariffs. Britain wouldn’t go as far as deficit spending, though. France had become the most powerful power in Europe at the end of the war, and wanted to rebuild the parts of France that had been destroyed by the war. However, no French government was able to solve the financial problems at that time. Because France’s economy was more balanced, it felt the effects after the other countries did. However, when it did, there was political chaos. Eventually, Communists, Socialists, and Radicals formed a Popular Front government. The Popular Front made the French New Deal, based on FDR’s New Deal. It gave the right to do collective bargaining, 40 hour work weeks, two-week paid vacations, and minimum wages. However, France didn’t have much confidence in this system. In the United States, the industrial production fell to 50 percent of what it was in 1929. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known as FDR, pursued a policy called the New Deal. It created the National Recovery Administration, which required government, labor, and industrial leaders to work out regulations for each industry. However, it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, which said that the government shouldn’t intervene in the economy. The NRA was replaced with the Second New Deal and the Works Progress Administration. The WPA employed many people to build bridges, roads, post offices, and other buildings, so people could be paid and get the economy going again. The New Deal did not solve the unemployment problems of the Great Depression, though. Only World War II brought the United States workers back to full employment.

EXERCISE MODULE 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EXERCISE MODULE 8 - Essay Example The company may need to finish the project according to a predefined deadline, it may be done to improve project cash flow, it may be a way of avoiding liquidation damages, it may be a way of recovering early days, it may also be a way of avoiding oncoming danger, for example adverse weather conditions that might affect the project’s progress, and it may also be a way of releasing key resources for an oncoming project (Kohli, 2007). It is also important to recognize that as projects continue, there are several indirect costs incurred that can be eliminated by shortening the duration time. These costs include; cost of equipment, interest on investment, machinery, facilities, personnel, labour, and the cost of time lost when some employees do not come regularly to work (Roy, 2005). Project duration can be reduced depending on the type of work being carried out, and the availability of resources. Projects involving installation or development of new software for a company’ s systems for example, may require a specific skill. This can only be obtained from specific persons. Reducing project duration considering this case will require additional labour time for the specialist. He or she will then be required to work overtime. This however, needs additional resources, for the specialist has to be paid for extra time worked. Project duration time can be reduced by: application of multiple-shifts work, offering incentive payments to increase the productivity, using additional resources when necessary, working extended hours, working on holidays and weekends, and using alternative methods and sequences among others (Roy, 2005). Reducing the time taken to complete a project involves reducing the activities’ duration, or adjusting overlaps between activities. This however, has an effect on the original plan in terms of the cost. Whenever activity duration is reduced, the cost increases. This is because, with reduced time for the activity, it means that additional resources were used to ensure a lot of work is done within a short period. Take an example of construction of a building. For a normal duration, there are seven workers employed to do specific duties. It is expected that their work will be completed in a month. Since the project duration has been reduced to two weeks, the company will have to employ additional workers with the same skills to speed up the work. The workers will have to be paid, therefore, additional resources. The tools and equipment used will also have to be added. A similar understanding can be obtained from overtime work. This requires additional wages, as well as costs used to correct quality problems (Kohli, 2007; Roy, 2005). This shows that there is a relationship between the direct cost, and time of completing an activity. The cheaper the resources, the longer the time they take to complete an activity. If the duration is shortened, there is an increase in direct costs. Direct costs are such as; th e cost of equipment, labour, and materials. This should however, not lead to an assumption that there is an automatic inverse relationship between the project duration and the quantity of resources deployed. This is because, not all activities are similar. There are those that can be done in a short time by deployment of more resources, and there are those that deployment of more resources does not reduce the time needed. For example, it should not be

Work, Organizations and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work, Organizations and Society - Essay Example Professional autonomy suggests that professionals are responsible to themselves for the services they offer. A profession is distinguished by initial and sustained education, an association created a set of codes, and accreditation procedures. Professional autonomy is based on three points: the high degree of control and influence on others, the fact that professionals define the problems on which they work, and the criterion that professionals are self-directed learners (Davis 1996, p. 443). The assumption that professional autonomy is based on control and influence is supported by the notion of professionals as experts. Employed professionals such as engineers, state attorneys and accountants, to name but a few, argue that their status as employees retracts their autonomy essential to be true professionals (Davis 1996, p. 441). Others such as physicians and nurses are subjected to several legal limitations and provisions that significantly limit their absolute professional autonomy . Professionals strive to attain as much autonomy as possible and employ several measures to establish their professional autonomy but are faced by different principal limitations to attaining their independence. Professionals attempt to establish their autonomy by forming various professional organizations, which socially and legally grant them autonomy, and significant control of their profession’s activities and practice free from external interference. These organizations define the requirements an individual needs to join a given profession, the nature and length of training, status, pay, expertise and code of ethics. These characteristics of professions, which are said to distinguish them from other occupations, derive from their autonomy. Consequently, they achieve considerable professional autonomy by claiming to be self-regulating, wrapping themselves in their cloaks of competence and repulsing that nonprofessional managers are qualified to challenge their profession al judgment. In one empirical study on healthcare professionals, including all kind of physicians and specialists from different medical specialty areas, findings indicate that some unique and professional characteristics confers more professional autonomy to them than to paraprofessionals and non-professionals (Kilic et al. 2007, p 159). Paraprofessional group, such as medical assistants, owns only partial professional knowledge and skills while non-professionals are just prepared to engage in running clerical, office work and administrative duties (Kilic et al. 2007, p. 160). Due to their strong organizations, healthcare professionals try to support the factors that strengthen their professional autonomy and resist the factors that may erode it. For instance, the study indicates that health professionals are unenthusiastic to make use of clinical IT potentials to improve health care delivery and efficiency (Walter & Lopez 2008, p. 11). This is due to privileges healthcare professi onals have over non-professionals and paraprofessionals. Legal privileges create a protected market for health care professionals and are the basis for autonomy and self-direction. Non-professionals are a threat to professional autonomy. Autonomy will only be found where a profession can control the production and application of skill and knowledge in its work. Autonomy will not be found if people outside the profession can understand, criticize and evaluate the work. According Chau and Hu (2002, p. 34) in another related research, a feature of clinical IT can be considered as threatening factors to healthcare professional autonomy. The factor is the level of knowledge codification and knowledge distribution conducted by a

Business Conditions Analysis (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Conditions Analysis (2) - Essay Example Along with this, the committee also take into consideration some of the minor economic indicators which do not reflect the overall economy like real sales. All these indicators are used in order to predict and analyze the economic activities which in turn facilitates in the process of identifying the peaks and troughs in the business cycle (NBER). National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) has specific definitions for the recession and expansion, according to which the Business Cycle Dating Committee of NBER take decisions about the important turning points of the overall economy of United States. Because of these limited definitions, the committee is unable to distinguish between the actual shift in the business cycle from the interruptions of short level (NBER). The combine use of indicators reflecting overall economy and indicators which do not reflect overall economy can raise the concern about the double counting different industries and figures. However, on the other hand this method of using and considering both set of indicators facilitates the committee in the process of identifying accurate dates of the peaks and trough as some times the broad economic indicators can present conflicting results (NBER). The most common definition of recession which has been used by different financial and economic analysts is that recession is defined as the period of two successive and repeated quarters in which the overall GDP of the economy falls. This definition is commonly known as the two quarter definition of the recession. But, National Bureau of Economic Research does not use this two quarter definition. The Business Cycle Dating Committee gives high consideration to important monthly indicators and along with this combine different set of economic indicators in order to identify important events in more efficient and

THE ELECTRIC TOWN CAR COMPANY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE ELECTRIC TOWN CAR COMPANY - Essay Example The variable costs of the product amount to 2000 pounds. Based on these two figures the contribution margin of a sale of a car towards the fixed costs of the company is 3000 pounds. The total fixed costs of the company which includes overhead related to administration costs, marketing, research and development and other costs is 150 million pounds. The end result of the breakeven analysis illustrated in appendix A is the company must sell 50,000 car units per year for the revenues of the company to equal its expenses. The pricing point chosen by the company of 5000 pounds is between 4% and 16% lower than the competition. The ETC project requires a capital investment of 500 million pounds to be invested in buildings, machinery, office equipment, information technology system and other fixed assets. The investors interested in the project stipulated a minimum 15% return of investment (ROI). Appendix B provides a price sensitivity analysis that shows the annual demand of the ETC product depending on the price point of the car. The Electric Town Car Company had a requirement of a 15% return on investment. At the original price of 5000 pounds the company produces a profit of 54 million pounds, but the return on the original investment is 10.8%, which is below the 15% requirement. In order to achieve the desired ROI the company must lower its price from 5000 pounds to 4600 pounds. At the 4600 pound price with a unit output level of 85,000 units the company obtains a 16.92% return on investment. It is r ecommended that the company operate at the 90,000 units full capacity output selling its product at 4600 pounds. At this price and output the return of investment increases to 19.68%. All the figures depicted in this paragraph are illustrated in Appendix B. An initial requirement for the potential investors in the ETC project is to obtain a return on investment of 15%. This ROI based on an initial investment of requires the company to

The Ethical Aspects Of The Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ethical Aspects Of The Engineering - Essay Example This will mean that I need to keep abreast of the technicalities that keep on changing with the passage of time, and the trivial issues that even though are not very useful to know but finding information about them is not a bad thing after all. This is one of the significant elements of my understanding as far as the engineering discipline is concerned, and how I need to move ahead with the changing time dimensions (Kettunen, 2000). Similarly, I must also be well-equipped of the diverse fields of health and safety, because they play a dire role in educating the people regarding the engineering aspects. The environment-related premise is also fundamental towards knowing where and how changes need to be brought in and how these could be resolved to achieve an amicable result all the same. In the same vein, I must also be well-informed of the various legalities that bring a form of genuineness to the whole dynamics of engineering and how electrical engineering is covered from a number of different angles. I believe knowing all these aspects is of immense importance for me because these will help me to grow and develop my means beyond a certain level. What is even more significant is my understanding of the attached links that come in close association with the field of engineering and how engineers at large are provided benefits by the different rules and policies. Since the field of electrical engineering is closely related to risk, identifying the same will only help the engineer to grow beyond a certain level (Johnson, 2004). This will be the basis of his eventual development within the field of electrical engineering. I am sure that if I commit myself wholeheartedly towards this task, much success will come about in the coming times. If I am aware of the looming dangers that haunt my understanding of the engineering field, I will be at par with the very best in this business. This will make me feel at ease with the dangers that haunt the electrical engineers on a consistent basis. Also, it will allow me to inculcate similar measures to the people who are around me or who work along with me. This will make me feel content with what I am doing professionally and how I am growing up and advancing beyond certain means. The professional world of engineering is indeed a very exciting one as has been proven with due research and evidence of study basis. The ethical documentation of an engineer is all the more pertinent to understand since he has to go through the human interaction basis within his work tasks that make him stay one step ahead of his processes at all times. This is indicative of how well he comprehends the nuances of work and what kind of challenges he has to face on a proactively consistent basis. What is even more interesting to note is the fact that engineering in itself is such a platform from where many success areas can be tapped, and more so when the discussion centers on the premise of bringing about development within t he human interactions with gadgets, electrical appliances and so on. What this suggests is an understanding of many different things, and not just which focus on electrical engineering realms alone.

Current issues in dissability studies activity 6 Essay

Current issues in dissability studies activity 6 - Essay Example uests for help has often result in increased parental stress due to the fact that their needs and their children’s needs may not always be in agreement with professionals about what constitutes actions that are helpful (Prezant, & Marshak 2006). A number of disability-related literature proposed that problems with the provision or absence of help are often reported by respondents in these categories. For example, a study of 120 parents conducted by Prezant, & Marshak (2006) that narrated the parents’ actual experiences over the kind of help that they got from their collaboration with professionals suggest that not all the help they got from these professionals are perceived as truly appropriate. Parents reported that although some are perceived as helpful collaboration, still they desire a relationship with professionals that focus on respect, collaboration, communication, and information-sharing. Relate any experiences that you may have had in working with people/families from a different cultural background from your own. What did these experiences teach you, or if you have had no such experiences yet, what are your thoughts on working with families from diverse cultural backgrounds? Post your thoughts on FLO. There are quite a number of experiences that I can relate to based on the readings. Teaching children with autism in Saudi Arabia has been quite an experience such that the cultural background and approaches differ from that of my strategies and their expectations. It has been quite a challenge at first since in order to help the children, I also have to make the parents understand why such action or strategy is important because sometimes, it contradicts with what they believe. The challenge mainly was that sometimes, the consistency of the strategies applied for children with autism ends in school as the parents have different views and approaches very unique to their culture. But despite of this, I find parents in Saudi Arabia cooperative in

Five Essay Questions-Operations Management Assignment

Five Essay Questions-Operations Management - Assignment Example That is the only way an organization can get its resulting products and services to the right market and in the right manner while considering the time and cost aspects of the processes. It is through the knowledge of OM that an organization develops its innovation towards competitive advantages, which exist inextricably alongside processes. The processes range from the use of emerging and appropriate technology to the use of existing resources to create new ones and new values. It is only when operations are managed in ways that create the notion of differentiation that such processes lead to organizational success (Chase, Jacobs & Aquilano, 2007). CPM/PERT analyzes the tasks involved in a certain project in terms of the required time to complete each. The use of CPM/PERT techniques for managing projects is founded on the concept that a certain set of critical activities that constitute the longest path through the network of activities will control the entire project. The identification of the critical activities is important because they can then be assigned to responsible teams, allowing the management resources to be used optimally by concentrating on the key activities that determine the entire project’s fate. As a statistical tool, its design is intended to map, schedule and manage complex projects and analytically represent the necessary tasks to complete a project, employing time as the variable reflecting planned performance specifications. Advantages of CPM/PERT techniques include defining dependencies and making them visible and also potentially reducing project duration. This is possible because precedence r elationships between the structures of work breakdown are better understood, facilitating the potential to reduce a project’s lifecycle. However, the disadvantage is that individual dependency relationships can

Operations Manager of a Manufacturing Plant Essay

Operations Manager of a Manufacturing Plant - Essay Example Finally, operations officers raise concerns about the inefficiency of production schedules. An in-depth look into all levels of operations isolates a possible core reason: there seem to be too many suppliers. Arrow Ahead needs to understand that the number of suppliers does not necessarily equal excellence in process management. Remembering that operations management requires the cautious supervision of processes in producing and distributing products and services, Arrow Ahead must review where else it may have failed to carefully manage their practices. A good hard look at the flow of the organization and how each stage of the process come into play will benefit and ultimately restore the health of Arrow Ahead. This in turn will ensure that the company will stay efficiently afloat in the industry for a long period of time. Having established that Arrow Ahead has overbooked suppliers, the first step is to analyze how supply is being managed. As it is possible that the company has booked different suppliers for a singular purpose but for various reasons, there is a need to review all the suppliers they work with and create a shortlist based on Arrow Ahead’s experience with each one. Has this supplier always delivered on time? Is the quality of goods, materials, or services consistently excellent? Do they operate on sound commercial principles? Does working with this specific supplier minimize purchasing risks? If there has been any chance that the supplier was issued corrective action by the company, did they work on it? Would the company rate the relationship with the supplier highly? The responses to these questions will help Arrow Ahead develop a preliminary strategy that is proportionate to the impact they would like on operations. However, this is only an initial step towards solid supply management. The next phase would be to continuously monitor the performance of each supplier, in order to predict when something may threaten the

How to Identify a Target Market Essay Example for Free

How to Identify a Target Market Essay In this part of my P2 course work, I have been asked to identify the target market by preparing an information pack about the target market, for my potential investors and also make a good question for my business survey. Market Research Market Research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular target market, competition, and/or environment. It always incorporates some form of data collection whether it is secondary research (often referred to as desk research) or primary research which is collected direct from a respondent. Purpose of Market Research The purpose of any market research project is to achieve an increased understanding of the subject matter. With markets throughout the world becoming increasingly more competitive, market research is now on the agenda of many organisations, whether they are large or small. Market research is also one of the most important pieces to your marketing plan that will determine how you will speak with these customers, where to find them, how to best convert them into your customer and retain them as a customer. There are two types of market research 1. Primary research / Field 2. Secondary research / Desk Primary Research When marketers conduct research to collect original data for their own needs it is called primary research. This process has the marketer or someone working for the marketer designing and then carrying out a research plan. Primary research is also collected in a research â€Å"instrument† designed to record information for later analysis. Marketing researchers use many types of instruments from basic methods that record participant responses to highly advanced electronic measurement where research participants are connected to sophisticated equipment. Primary research also refers to information that is directly collected from the source. Another simple method of primary research would be to directly talk to your customers and get their feedback. Primary research can be both qualitative and quantitative. Method of primary research Questionnaire – Questionnaires are one the main tools in the use of field research. A questionnaire contains a series of questions which gather primary marketing research data for the business. A face-to-face questionnaire might include different questions to an emailed questionnaire. An interviewer will be filling in a face-to-face qu estionnaire and the person may be able to ask for the question to be rephrased if they do not understand it the first time. Online surveys- Increasingly popular and relatively low cost, online surveys are widely used by small businesses as a way of capturing the views of existing and potential customers. Face-to-face surveys Personal interviews conducted face-to-face is a costly, but good way to get detailed insights from an individual. Secondary Research Secondary research is a data that already exists and has been collected by someone else for another purpose. Secondary research involves the investigation of secondary sources of data. Sources of secondary data can come from within the firm itself – this is known as internal secondary data. External secondary data, on the other hand, is data that has been published by other organisations. Methods of secondary research Secondary Sources include journal articles, books, encyclopaedias, dictionaries, reviews, newspaper articles, specific essays, etc. Most research papers are based on secondary sources as they build on the research or studies others have done. Its usually published in pamphlets, newsletters, trade publications, magazines, and newspapers. Secondary sources include the following: * Public sources. These are usually free, often offer a lot of good information, and include government departments, business departments of public libraries, and so on. * Commercial sources. These are valuable, but usually involve cost factors such as subscription and association fees. Commercial sources include research and trade associations, such as Dun Bradstreet and Robert Morris Associates, banks and other financial institutions, and publicly traded corporations. * Educational institutions. These are frequently overlooked as valuable information sources even though more research is conducted in  colleges, universities, and technical institutes than virtually any sector of the business community. My name is Mba Nduka Amogu. I am a Business studies student at Whitefield. I would like to take a few minutes of your time by completing my questionnaire for my business studies course work about my business survey. 1. Are you male or female? Male Female 2. Which age range are you? Under 20 21-30 31-40 40-above 3. Do you live within this area? Yes No 4. Would you like to visit our fruit shops if provided? Yes No 5. If our new shops were available today, how likely would you be to visit instead of visiting other fruits shops currently available from other companies? Very Likely Moderately Likely Slightly Likely Not at all likely 6. If you are not likely to visit our shop why not? Do not like our services Satisfied with other competing fruits shops currently available Cannot pay for our services and products Not willing to pay or shop with us 7. How important is it convenient to you, when choosing our products? Extremely important Very important Moderately important Slightly important Not at all important 8. Overall are you satisfied with your experience, shopping with us? Extremely satisfied Moderately satisfied Slightly satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Slightly dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Extremely dissatisfied 9. If our new products were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to other? Extremely Likely Very Likely Moderately Likely Slightly Likely Not at all likely 10. If our new service were available today, how likely would you be to use it instead of competing service currently available from other companies? Extremely Likely Very Likely Moderately Likely Slightly Likely Not at all likely 11. If you are not likely to use our new service, why not? Do not need a service like this Do not want a service like this Satisfied with competing service currently available Cannot pay for a service like this Not willing to pay for a service like this 12. How important is it convenient for you, when choosing a service this type of service? Extremely important Very important Moderately important Slightly important Not at all important 13. Overall are you satisfied with your experience using our new service? Moderately satisfied Slightly satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Slightly dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Extremely dissatisfied 14. If our new service were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? Extremely likely Very likely Moderately likely Slightly likely Not at all likely 15. How often will you visit my shop if available, having different variety of fresh fruits and vegetables for sell? Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly In My questionnaire I interviewed a total of 20 people. Below displays the results of each question individually. 1. Are you male or female? * Male8 * Female12 2. Which age range are you? * Under 2010 * 21-305 * 31-403 * 40-above2 3. Do you live within this area? * Yes16 * No4 4. Would you like to visit my fruit shops if provided? * Yes12 * No8 5. If my new shop were available today, how likely would you be to visit instead of visiting other fruits shops currently available from other companies? * Very Likely6 * Moderately Likely5 * Slightly Likely4 * Not at all likely5 6. If you are not likely to visit my shop why not? * Do not like my services7 * Satisfied with other fruits shops currently available3 * Cannot pay for my services and products5 * Not willing to pay or shop with us6 7. How important is it convenient to you, when choosing my products? * Extremely important7 * Very important4 * Moderately important5 * Slightly important3 * Not at all important1 8. Overall are you satisfied with your experience, shopping with me? * Extremely satisfied9 * Moderately satisfied4 * Slightly satisfied3 * Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied0 * Slightly dissatisfied3 * Moderately dissatisfied1 * Extremely dissatisfied0 9. If my new products were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to other? * Extremely Likely4 * Very Likely6 * Moderately Likely3 * Slightly Likely4 * Not at all likely4 10. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to use it instead of competing service currently available from other companies? * Extremely Likely5 * Very Likely3 * Moderately Likely2 * Slightly Likely 7 * Not at all likely3 11. If you are not likely to use my new service, why not? * Do not need a service like this10 * Do not want a service like this 1 * Satisfied with competing service currently available 0 * Cannot pay for a service like this 2 * Not willing to pay for a service like this7 12. How important is it convenient for you, when choosing a service this type of service? * Extremely important13 * Very important3 * Moderately important2 * Slightly important1 * Not at all important1 13. Overall are you satisfied with your experience using my new service? * Moderately satisfied15 * Slightly satisfied0 * Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied1 * Slightly dissatisfied2 * Moderately dissatisfied1 * Extremely dissatisfied1 14. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? * Extremely likely10 * Very likely3 * Moderately likely2 * Slightly likely2 * Not at all likely3 15. How often will you visit my shop if available, having different variety of fresh fruits and vegetables for sell? * Daily15 * Weekly1 * Monthly2 * Quarterly3 1. The Gender of the people interviewed for my business surveys This pie chart shows the gender of people I interviewed for my business survey, which shows that 40 percent of them are male and 60 percent of them are female. 2. The age range for the people I interviewed for my business survey. This pie chart shows the age range for the people I interviewed for my business survey, which shows that 50 percent of the people I interviewed are under 20, 10 percent of them are 40 above, 15 percent of them are between 31 – 40 and 25 percent of them are between 21-30. 3. This is people that live and doesn’t live in that area but were interviewed by me for my business survey. This pie chart shows the people that live and doesn’t live in that area but they were still interviewed by me because of my business survey, which shows that 20 percent of the people I interviewed don’t live in this area and 60 percent of them live in this area. 4. Would you like to visit my fruits shops if provided? This pie chart show the amount of people who are willing to make a visit to my shops when they are provided and also people who are not willing to make a visit to my shop, which shows that 40 percent of the people I interviewed are not willing to visit my shop and 60 percent of them are willing to visit my shop. 5. If my new shop were available today, how likely would you be to visit instead of visiting other fruits shops currently available from other companies? This pie chart shows the range of people who are willing to make themselves regular customers to my shop and also visit my shop regularly, which shows that 30 percent of the people I interviewed are very likely to visit my shop, 25 percent of them are moderately likely, 20 percent of them are slightly likely and 25 percent of them are not likely at all to visit my shop. 6. If you are not likely to visit my shop why not? This pie chart shows the reasons about people who are not likely to visit my shop and why they are not likely to visit my shop, which shows that 33 percent of the people I interviewed do not like our service, 14 percent of them are just satisfied with other fruits shops currently available, 24 percent of them cannot pay for our service and products and 29 percent are not willing to pay or shop with us. 7. How important is it convenient to you, when choosing my products This pie chart show how important it is convenient for people when choosing my product, which shows that 35 percent of the people I interviewed said that my product are extremely important to them, 20 percent said it is very important to them, 25 percent said it is moderately important to them, 15 percent said it is slightly important to them and 5 percent said it is not important to them at all. 8. Overall are you satisfied with your  experience, shopping with me? This pie chart shows the overall rate of people who satisfied or dissatisfied with shopping with me, which shows that 45 percent of the people I interviewed are Extremely satisfied with shopping us, 20 percent of them are moderately satisfied, 20 percent are of them are moderately satisfied, 15 percent of them are slightly satisfied 0 percent of them are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 15percent of them are slightly dissatisfied, 5 percent of them are moderately dissatisfied and 0 percent are extremely dissatisfied. 9. If my new product were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? This pie chart shows the people who are likely to recommend my product to others if it was available, which shows that 19 percent of the people I interviewed are extremely likely to recommend my products to others, 29 percent of them are very likely, 14 percent of them are moderately likely, 19 percent of them are slightly likely and 19 percent of them are not likely at all to recommend my product to others. 10. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to use it instead of competing service currently available from other companies? This pie chart shows the people who are happy and likely to use my services, which shows that 25 percent of the people I interviewed are extremely likely to use my services instead of competing services from other companies, 15 percent of them are very likely to use my service, 10 percent of them are moderately likely to use my service, 35 percent of them are slightly likely to use my service and 15 percent of them are not likely at all to service my service provided. 11. If you are not likely to use my new service, why not? This pie chart shows people, who are not likely to use my service and why  they are not likely to use it. It shows that 50 percent of the people I interviewed do not need a service like this, 5 percent of them don’t want a service like this, 0 percent of them are satisfied with competing service currently available, 10 percent of them cannot pay for a service like this and 35 percent of them are not willing to pay for a service like this. 12. How important is it convenient for you, when choosing a service this type of service? This pie chart shows how important it is convenient for people when choosing this type of service, which shows that 65 percent of the people I interviewed, said that my service is extremely important to them, 15 percent of them said it very important, 10 percent of the said it is moderately important, 5 percent of them said it is slightly important, and 5 percent of them said that my service is not important to them at all. 13. Overall are you satisfied with your experience using my new service? This pie chart shows the overall rate of people who are satisfied or dissatisfied with my service, which shows that 75 percent of the people I interviewed are moderately satisfied with my service, 0 percent of them are slightly satisfied, 5 percent of them are slightly satisfied nor dissatisfied, 10 percent of them are slightly dissatisfied, 5 percent of them are moderately dissatisfied, and 5 percent of them are extremely dissatisfied with my service. 14. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? This pie chart shows the people who are likely to recommend my new service to others if it was available, which shows that 50 percent of the people I interviewed are extremely likely to recommend my new service to others, 15 percent of them are very likely, 10 percent of them are moderately likely, 10 percent of them are slightly likely, and15 percent of them are not likely at all to recommend my new service to others if available. 15. How often will you visit my shop if available, having different variety of fresh fruits and vegetables for sell? This pie chart shows the total amount of people who are willing to visit my shop daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly, which shows that 71 percent of the people I interviewed are happy to visit my shop daily, 5 percent of them are happy to visit my shop weekly, 10 percent of them are happy to visit my shop monthly and 14 percent of them are happy to visit my shop quarterly. My Target Market My Market target is for the children, Tourist and adults to be aware of the current advice of five portions of eating different fruits and vegetables a day. Because fewer of us know that five portion should come from a variety of sources every day, so that they gain the maximum benefit from fruit, eat it fresh and if the skins are edible, eat them too and also help people balance their vegetable intake between the orange/red and green varieties. Conclusion In this part of my P2 Coursework, I have identified my target market by doing a market research for my business and preparing a questionnaire for my business survey to get people reactions towards my business.

Effects of Media on Public Discourse

Effects of Media on Public Discourse MICHAEL GANIDEKAM DO SOCIAL MEDIA ENCOURAGE OR DETRACT FROM MEANINGFUL  PUBLIC DISCOURSE? When one is asked a question on â€Å"What is the greatest power evident in this 21st Century?† answers and thoughts will cut across recent powerful countries like the US or China, or other great transnational businesses. But that really depends on the person’s perception on how he/she defines power. Anything that has the ability to bring about change and status is how I define power that is why I consider the internet as the greatest power in the 21st Century. The impact and contributions this technological invention has brought on human life and the world cannot be denied or silenced about. Mangold and Faulds (2009) points how Social Media has influenced and contributed in many aspects of stakeholder behaviours in relation to how information is received and consumer attitudes towards a product or service. Social media as defined by Lindsey (2011) refers to internet-based applications which allow communication and sharing of information and resources between people. It also provides a means by which people can connect to each other through the internet. Social media can also be identified as a group of internet-based applications intended to build on ideological and technological foundations that allow the establishment and exchange of content generated by users (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). Social Media can also be considered as technology-facilitated dialogue driven through platforms like social networking, social bookmarking, wikis etc. to connect with the public. (Reilly and Hynan, 2014). Social media comprises of a wide range of online channels. They include word-of-mouth forums which include blogs, discussion boards sponsored by companies and chat rooms, consumer-to-consumer email, internet discussion platforms and forums, social networking websites and more. Examples include Face book, Twitter, YouTube, wikis, blogs, LinkedIn, MySpace etc. Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) observed how social media use has evolved in wonder through the past decade from frequent changes affecting communication through new technologies to help interact and share information. According to McLuhan’s medium theory for new media, it states that, â€Å"any advanced modern society is shaped by the various media technologies that are available to it† (Laughey, 2007). Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) identified two key elements of Social Media, related to the theory of media research which is Social Presence and Media Richness. The social presence theory states that, media vary in the degree of social existence and allow the merging of two communication partners. The higher the social existence, the larger of influence that communication partners have on each other. And other key element, media richness theory bases its assumption that the goal of any communication is the resolution of ambiguity and the lessening of uncertainty. Because media vary in the level of richness, some media are more effective in resolving ambiguity and uncertainty than others. Connecting the theories to Social Media, we assume that, a classification can be made based on the richness of the medium of communication and the level of social existence it allows. Van Dijk (1997) identified discourse in three dimensions which are language use, communication of beliefs and interaction in social situations. He further noted how the use of language is not only limited to speaking but also encompasses written text communication where ‘text’ is defined as the product of writing. Written texts are integral in how one wants to communicate with language through speaking and writing and the modes for this discourse is what Van Dijk (1997) termed as ‘Users’, who include authors and readers. This theory is appropriate in Social Media where texts play a vital role in the communication and interaction process. Meaning is another important element in a discourse. Laughey (2007, as cited in Hall, 1982) observed that, â€Å"Meaning is a social production, a practice. The world has to be made to mean. Language and symbolism is the means by which meaning is produced†. He further explained that, language is made to mean something by encoding by the producers and this is then made to mean something through decoding by audiences. The encoding and decoding model of semiotic theory for meaning creation helps to know if Social Media messages have meanings rather than just reflecting meanings (Hall, 1993). In understanding meaning in a discourse, Van Dijk (1997) postulates two notions; Topic and Reference. ‘Topic’ is the general meaning that defines the unity of a discourse and most often are expressed in sectors of media as headlines, posts or summaries and an example can be seen on either of the social networks posts. He also posit that, topics are usually the best remembered part of a discourse which I agree to because when one has about 500 friends on Facebook and posts a content with the topic â€Å"Ebola in Scotland†, the topic easily circulates and be remembered when the reader or recipient might not have been able to remember the whole detail of the information. The other notion is ‘reference’ and this is the way a discourse and its meaning are linked to imagery events that is been talked about or trending as we call it in Twitter. Therefore in achieving a consistent discourse resulting in a meaningful one, Van Dijk (1997) argues the text of the content must be about events or situations that relate at least with the speaker or sender. A meaningful discourse can therefore be defined as a process of partnership and social negotiation with the goal of sharing different viewpoints and ideas and to collaborate on solving problems and knowledge building activities (Gilbert and Dabbagh, 2005 as cited in Duffy and Cunninggham, 1996). Let’s consider one of the Social Media platforms in perspective and how it is lessening meaning in a discourse. Twitter is a social networking platform where users send and receive text-based updates called tweets (Fairclouth, Mulderrig and Wodak, 2011). These tweets can be delivered and read web based or via instant messaging clients. On this platform, users choose whom they want to follow either an individual or a group or even strangers; they then receive all updates written and posted by them. About engagement on this platform, a Twitter user follows a range of people and some of these people do post updates of which some offer useful words of advice, links, news or amusing tales. But many of these messages might just be scanned through, no much concentration, appeal and sometimes put the person off. Sometimes the intimacy of Social Media contexts is not always positive as Crawford (2009) postulates. It can create discomfort, confusion or resentment. She therefore mentione d that sometimes Twitter users may require dexterity based on its demands of news updates to messages, information about what is trending in the day or what somebody had for breakfast. Korschun and Du (2012) argues that Social Media users are not passive audience but rather are active co-creators of worth but Asur et al. (2011) rebuts that, Social Media generates a never-ending wealth of content and that only few messages and topics manage to attract enough attention and engage in public discourse. In this technological age, one is able to express his/her opinions, ideas, and thoughts freely via the Social Media at no cost or charge. No form of regulation is binding users for signing in/up, liking a post on someone’s page, or following someone on Twitter. The only thing evident is the attainment of information. With Social networks like Facebook and Twitter, ‘liking’ something is assumed as the determinant of worth to the one who posted that information. Liking does not necessarily mean anything to the recipient because we cannot argue if just liking something on a page describes how the recipient is feeling or thinking when doing that (Zappavigna, 2012). I can testify to this myself as an ardent Social Media freak that, most often, the thought process in liking something on a page maybe absent hence done passively. A Facebook user can log into his/her account only to be welcomed with a well of texts or posts and even begging you to see more. When messages are posted on Social Media and become disturbing to the recipient, they lose meaning and thus become ‘noise’ to audiences or users. Any undesired uncertainty of message or information received is called noise (Nunes, 2011). He also mentioned that noise can reduce the potential of communication in a discourse. This case of noise cuts across all the platforms of Social Media for example with one of the social networking platforms called Twitter. This system can provide pop up messages on users screens whenever messages called ‘tweets’ are received passively serving as disproportionate fracas (Zappavigna, 2012). Social Media users have come to trade commitments with engagements or interactions for a pat on the back, and this discourse is eroding that true culture of dialogue and the ability to nuance values we actually like. Think about it in this way, the majority of content posted on a social/web page each day and contrast that with interacting in real life. Which is meaningful? About content on Social Media, Lee (2014) posit that, it is not a discussion but a statement and this makes the internet an accumulation of statements, thereby resulting in dialogue lost for a meaningful discourse. One can testify to how information presented in person through interaction in real life feels. Another limitation for a meaningful discourse is when content is ignored and considered unworthy to recipients and when content is in the viral state. When a user is present online, his/her account cannot disallow posts from trawling onto the page but the only remedy is to ignore them. Lee (2014) identified virulence on Social Media as the circulation of a statement online which does not offer room for discussion. An example of such incidence is the confusion on mislabelling a missing student as the suspect following the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing. Somebody jokingly posted his name on Twitter and his name ended up trending nationally, though he had nothing to do with the attack. All these factors account for the depreciation of the worth to address and discuss issues in depth. The proliferation of misinformation on Social Media is in influx and easily goes viral. Examples of such include posts on misguided drug use/health, false organisations or individuals appear to deceive or fraud people, false information circulating and many more. An example can be traced to the recent first diagnosis case of ‘Ebola’ virus in the United States on September 30, 2014. The patients were tested and proved negative but Social Media users on Twitter kept ‘tweeting’ as if the virus was running rampant in the country. There is nothing wrong with how Social Media use has helped in engaging and communicating with a large and diverse virtual community of people but the argument here is that it does not provide fulfilment on the platform. Interaction between individuals physically confers a much better way to dialogue and know who the person is and how well trust can be expressed on them. The anonymity of oneself on cyberspace allows others to in some way disassociate with their ideas, thoughts and even actions. One may argue of having friends on Facebook for example but that does not define what a true community is but is rather classified as a virtual presence. Interaction on this platform is not face-to-face even if the friends appear online to be engaged in an interaction. How can you justify if the supposed friends are the real people you are engaging with at that time? Sometimes unperceptive arguments are started online for example in politics and before you realise feelings are sparked unleashing a swath of ridiculous and offensive comments making it look so dramatic. Social Media discussions are becoming so much dramatic and provocative much more than the usual physical interactions would have been (Beirut, 2009). Social Media in my opinion detracts from meaningful discourse; the concept of engagement and presence is one of the challenges that has been forfeited and relegated for the virtual presence. Social Media evolution has brought about a lot of impacts and contributions but the reality is this, it is teaching us to know the better forms of interaction and engagement that is deeper and truer within a meaningful communication discourse. References ASUR, S., HUBERMAN, B.A., SZABO, G. and WANG, C., 2011. Trends in social media: persistence and decay. ICWSM. BEIRUT, 2009.Why do people really tweet? The psychology behind tweeting!Retrieved November 5, 2010. [online] Available from: http://blog.thoughtpick.com/2009/08/why-do-people-really-tweet-the-psychology-behind-tweeting.html [Accessed on 15 November 2014] CRAWFORD, K., 2009. Following you: Disciplines of listening in social media. Continuum: Journal of Media Cultural Studies, 23(4), pp. 525-535 FAIRCLOUGH, N., MULDERRIG, J. and WODAK, R., 2011. Critical discourse analysis. Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, pp. 357-378 GILBERT, P.K. and DABBAGH, N., 2005. How to structure online discussions for meaningful discourse: A case study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(1), pp. 5-18 HALL, S., 1993. Encoding, decoding. The cultural studies reader, 4, pp. 90-103 KAPLAN, A.M. and HAENLEIN, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business horizons, 53(1), pp. 59-68 KENT, M. L., MAUREEN, T., WHITE, W.J., 2003. The relationship between website design and organizational responsiveness to stakeholders. Public Relations Review, 29(1), 63-77. KIETZMANN, J.H. et al., 2011. Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business horizons, 54(3), pp. 241-251 KOLLER, V., 2005. Critical discourse analysis and social cognition: evidence from business media discourse. Discourse Society, 16(2), pp. 199-224 LAUGHEY, D., 2007. Key themes in media theory. McGraw-Hill International. pp. 60-90 LINDSAY, B.R., 2011. Social media and disasters: Current uses, future options, and policy considerations. Congressional Research Service. MANGOLD, W.G. and FAULDS, D.J., 2009. Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business horizons, 52(4), pp. 357-365 NUNES, M., 2011. Error: glitch, noise and jam in new media cultures. New York: Continuum. pp. 13-18 REILLY, A.H. and HYNAN, K.A., 2014. Corporate communication, sustainability, and social media: Its not easy (really) being green. Business horizons, 57(6), pp. 747-758 SIFFERLIN, A., 2014. Fear, misconception and Social media complicate Ebola fight. [online] Available from: http://time.com/3479254/ebola-social-media/ [Accessed on 14 November 2014] VAN DIJK, T.A., 1997. The study of discourse. Discourse as structure and process, 1, pp. 1-22 ZAPPAVIGNA, M., 2012. Discourse of Twitter and social media: How we use language to create affiliation on the web. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Takeover and Strategy Proposal

Takeover and Strategy Proposal The following strategy and takeover proposal examines the contracting division of Masters Building Company Limited. The proposal undertakes a SWOT analysis, used as the foundation for strategy in marketing, division structure, and teamwork. Each area of concern is examined based on what has previously occurred, what is proposed to occur, and what the expected outcomes are. The strategic initiatives seek to prompt Masters Building Company Limited into a new era of relationship marketing, decentralised managerial structure, and strong employee morale. The firm’s strengths are that it has a strong consumer base with a positive history and social status. This is assumed from the long tradition of the firm in its operative area. The firm has very low debt and is profitable. There is some growth in the contracting division. The firm’s weaknesses are the lack of new client contracts, the recent decision to open new offices requiring overdrafts for the new offices of the contracting division. The contracting division also has low employee moral. Another weakness is that there is little work in the Exerter area and low complexity of projects. The firm has opportunities in altering its managerial and team structures to create stronger employee moral. It has opportunities in creating more complex projects through regional marketing of the new offices. The firm’s external threats are the credit crisis and recession, increased pressure from creditors for early payment and delays in receiving stage payments. The firm can overcome these threats by focusing in its strengths of tradition and customer relationships which can be implemented through stronger marketing strategies. The construction industry is highly competitive, and the ability of management to use marketing as a valuable service is imperative to gaining contracts (Shutt 1995). The focus of the takeover proposal is to generate more complex construction work for the betterment of the company. In doing so, the takeover proposal recognises that Masters has the potential to increase its commercial bids through a stronger marketing mix. Commercial bids are preferred due to their work complexity, which generates revenue and knowledge based experience for the firm (Finkel 1996). Furthermore, commercial bids are understood to have mixed uses and are often allocated by internal funds, thus they have minimal effects of interest rates and public policies (Finkel 1996). Since the scale of major construction projects is a barrier to small firms, it is imperative that Masters be placed under a strong examination of capital requirements in terms of current and necessary tools and materials, as both time and money are required to create jobs in commercial markets (Shutt 1995). Specialty contract work in commercial industry is the focus as this allows for small to medium sized businesses such as Masters to enter the market, generating stronger income (Canter 1994). The focus will be on small, complex projects in renovation and alteration. The takeover proposal is to include the past customers with new potential in a stronger marketing strategy as the firm moves towards the development of new offices it will require more marketing resources in Plymouth, Bristol and Bournemout. The takeover proposal must include a strategic business outline as: Figure 1 Marketing Strategy The current structure is very linear and hierarchical. While this has worked in the traditional construction industry, it bars open communication. It is recommended that the structure be evaluated and redistributed to increase communication between areas of the contracting division. This is imperative as the firm is expanding to add new estimators and managers. The takeover proposal is not to remove Frank Burton, but to readdress his position as an authoritarian manager into one of quality leadership that allows for stronger determination of the firm’s detection of, allocation of, and income from, the contracting division. Deficiencies in structure occur when there are low knowledge flows, which constrict planning techniques and lessen control of the contractual position (Finkel 1996). Figure 2 Structure Strategy Under Frank Burton’s traditional authoritarian management, the contracting division has low morale. Change management is required to rejuvenate the team. The contracting division has multiple intricacies that are dependent on the ability of management to integrate capabilities (Shutt 1995). The contracting division has a discontinuous business environment due to temporal bidding and allocation concerns, creating less efficient workloads (Shutt 1995). Establishing measures for efficiency is imperative to increase productivity, variables in staff periods, job roles, training incentives, and operations should be set to overcome staffing issues (Shut 1995). Figure 3 Team Strategy The impact of previous changes in the structure of the contracting and specialist service divisions have lead to a third reduction in overhead costs as staffing levels have been reduced, however turnover has increased. The contracting division has a turnover of 4,377,000Â £ with overheads at 9.5% and profits at 2.1%. Thus, net profits are only 91,917Â £, while overhead is 415,815Â £, which shows a negative cost efficiency strategy. Overhead costs are higher in Bristol and Bournemouth, where net profit is also lower, and that regional office has a smaller staff. This is likely due to the increased debt of the Bristol and Bournemouth locations. The common economic pathway for reducing overhead costs is not always to strategically move staff and relocate management or offices in new regions. This may lead to a false economy, since overhead costs were not lowered, just moved. Therefore, the takeover must consider strong evaluation of Masters complete economic position for the sake of reducing the high overhead costs. Market economic show that overhead cost reduction is found in low-cost production, availability of quality products and effective supply chain management (Rockley 1984). Cost concerns require a more efficient use of temporary and low-complexity work, and examining the markets in the regional offices to evaluate their cost effectiveness (Rockley 1984; Shutt 1994). It is not clear if the move to the regions such as Bristol was cost effective, however it is assumed that this was not an efficient move since it has higher overhead and lower profits (Rockley 1984). Therefore, it is likely that these regional offices ar e simply geographically out of place for the construction market (Shutt 1994). Furthermore, the construction industry itself is highly labour intensive, therefore it stands to reason that staff turnover and quality control as well as the product supply chain must be streamlined to lower costs and increase profitability (Shutt 1994). Activity name Project Leader Estimated start Estimated finish Market Analysis of Service Differentiation Len 4-Jan-09 4-Mar-09 Market Analysis of Relationship Management Len 20-Jan-09 21-Feb-09 Market Analysis of Marketing Mix Len 6-Feb-09 16-Apr-09 Restructuring from Hierarchical to Decentralised Gordon and Frank 24-Feb-09 25-Apr-09 Communication Pathways Open Door Policy Gordon and Frank 8-Mar-09 18-Mar-09 Communication Pathways Between Regional Offices Gordon and Frank 19-Mar-09 29-Apr-09 Examination of Job Roles Gordon and Frank 10-Apr-09 20-Apr-09 Examination of Training Gordon and Frank 10-Apr-09 22-Jun-09 Examination of Employee Resources Gordon and Frank 18-Apr-09 30-Aug-09 Supply and Production Analysis Sammy 30-Jun-09 30-Aug-09 Quality and Effectiveness Analysis Frank 30-Aug-09 21-Jul-09 Regional Market Analysis Frank 14-Jun-09 12-Aug-09 Figure 4 Milestones Canter M.R. (1994) Resource Management for Construction, London: Macmillan Finkel, Gregory (1996) Economics For Construction Industry. London: M.E. Sharpe Rockley L.E. (1984) Finance for the Non-Accountant, USA: Business Books Shutt R.C. (1995) Economics for the Construction Industry, London: Longman

Indian Persecutions :: essays research papers

The text we have studied relates to the integration problem between teh white and Indian population of United States : Indians are called Native-Americans because they have lived there for centuries. White Europeans arrived in the 17th century on their land during the conquest of the new territories. The confrontation of two cultures led to many problems we will discuss later but, basically, we had the Indian culture related to nature, natural living in direct confrontation with the white industrial and urban culture. By 1950, unemployment was high among native-Americans and the Bureau of Indian Affairs believed the solution was to relocate these populations in urban areas. Indians could see brochures pushing them to leave the country for better conditions in the cities. Many left but half of them came back to their reservation ! Hydroelectric power needs (les besoins en ...) led ( ont conduit) to many conflicts, especially for the building of dams (barrages) as it would flood reserv ations. Using legal protest and open protest, the Indians succeeded in some cases but other projects flooded most of Dakota ‘ s arable land for example. Another sensitive issue is about Fishing rights. Indians have always fished for a living (pour vivre) and thus they have been granted special tribal fishing rights. These rights are now challenged by environmental groups. A movie to illustrate the story of Indians :  « Little Big Man  », starring Dustin Hoffman is a 1971 Hollywood movie which broke all stereotypes people had about Indians : westerns : cow boys, indians.... Indians have often been treated unequally and many protests were held during the 1960s and 1970s.

to have and have not :: essays research papers

My book is "To have and have not" by Ernest Hemingway. He is by far my favorite author, he is a bit racist though. He tells the story of Harry Morgan in this book. It is a dramatic peice of fiction that deals with trhe issue of a mans choice bettween killing or letting his family starve. He does everything in his to feed his family. He begins rum-running bettween Cuba and Key West. That is the reason that his boat gets seized by the Coast Guard. He has this ship mate who he calls a certian word over and over. It is sad that life is so hard for him. In part one Harry Morgan is running a fishing charter operation. He is in the bar waiting for the charter to arrive. He is approached by 3 cubans who speak good english. They talk and they ask him to take them some where I think Cuba. They offer him a thousand a peice he tells them he cant take them. The big one starts to get angry with him. He threatens to slit Harry's throat and then he calms down. Harry tells them no and finially they head twoard the door. As they walked out the door a closed car drove up and had a shoot out with them they all were killed. Harry went down to the docks to wait at his boat for the charter but they were already on board. The charterer was a guy named Johnson and he brought a rummy along with him. Harry takes them fishing and they lose his equipment. When the next mourning comes Johnson is nowhere to be seen he skips oput on paying Morgan for the equipment or the bill. This is where the plot complicates you see he now has no fishing buisness so he has to find another way to feed his family. So he does odd jobs here and there. He meets up with a man called Mr. Sing. He was a chink. He wanted Harry to transport something for him. He also wants harry to carry some men for him. Harry agrees and takes the two hundred dollars.

Thermodynamics of the Dissolution Borax

Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Borax Lina Jawadi Objectives: * Study a system of salt and water solution. * Determining a variety of important thermodynamics quantities from the solubility information at various temperatures. Background: The salt and water solution in this experiment has relatively simple solubility equilibrium of borax in water. Na2B4O7 . 10 H2O 2Na + + B4O5(OH)42- + 8H2O This reaction is an equilibrium process and 8 water molecules from the hydrated salt are lost to the reaction medium. The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:K = [Na+]2 [B4O5(OH)42-] [H2O]8 [Na2B4O7 . 10 H2O] In this experiment we will always make sure there is some solid borax remaining in the sample mixture before removing some of it to analyze it. Therefore, we can assume that the concentration of solid borax is constant. In addition, the water molecules which were originally part of the borax’s crystalline matrix is lost to the sample mixture; however, it doesnâ₠¬â„¢t significantly affect the concentration of the water. The equilibrium constant expression can now be simplified to become: K = [Na+]2 [B4O5(OH)42-]The first equilibrium expression and the balanced solubility equilibrium reaction allow us to express either borate ion or sodium ion in terms of the other. So, it is possible to determine the constant in terms of either ion. After substituting borax ion in place of the sodium ion, ([Na+] = 2 [B4O5(OH)42-] , K = (2 [B4O5(OH)42-] )2 * [B4O5(OH)42-] ) we get: K = 4 [B4O5(OH)42-]3 . Finding the concentration of borate ion in any sample at any given temperature gives us the solubility product at that temperature. Equipment: * 5mL pipet * Test tubes * Marker * Hot plate * 250 mL beaker * Flask Electric balance Procedure: 1. Using the pipet add 5mL of distilled water to 10 test tubes. 2. Mark the level with the marker and pour the water out. Mark the test tube with the assigned temperature. 3. Weigh 30-32g of solid sodium borate decahydrat e (borax) in a 250 mL beaker and then add 150 mL of water. 4. Place the mixture on a hot plate, but don’t allow its temperature to exceed 50oC. 5. After all the borax dissolves, add more and let the temperature reach 45oC. 6. Once it starts slightly exceeding 45oC, remove it from the hot plate and place instead a beaker filled with 150 mL of distilled water. . Continue stirring the mixture until it reaches the desired temperature. 8. Quickly pour 5 mL of the mixture in two test tube without transferring any solid borax. (record the temperature before and after the transfer. ) 9. When the water bath reaches 45oC, place the test tube in it until precipitation of borax has dissolved. 10. In a flask with 50-75 mL of water and 10 drops of bromocresol green indicator, add 125 mL of the borax solution. 11. Before titrating the borax with acid make sure that it has a blue color.Using buret filled with 50 mL oh HCl, add the acid to the borax until it reaches the endpoint, which is whe n the solution turns from a blue color to a yellow. Record the initial and final volume. (For calculations: find the moles of borax using the volume of HCl and its molarity. Then find the solubility product constant and plot the ksp vs. (1/t) graph and from it obtain the values of ? H and ? S. Make sure the temperature is in kelvin when doing the calculations. Finally, find the value of ? G using both equations and plot the ? G vs. time graph. )

British Enlightenment

It is the acknow guidegment of major reforms in life and its tones occurred during the era of enlightment which was a short period in our tender history when thinkers gave realistic scholarship of the sad tender-hearted state and context and giving optimism to a new set(p) of ideas. (Roy P. 35) These set of ideas question tradition the very(prenominal) posterior of pre conceived concepts of the past. The set of ideas also had an placement within themselves, which did a way with beliefs and confirm red-brickism (Roy P.50)The British Enlightenment The British precedentableness was a driving which started much or less the year 1680 and it is deald to have ended in the year 1820. This was a time and days which many philosophers and thinkers thought of ways to mete divulge with challenges faced like ignorance and superstition. (Gregory C. 114) It was characterized by overmuch scientific and gifted accomplishment. It was the age of neat thinkers.The British atta inment was a movement which in many ways named itself since the thinkers and writers thought they were more enlightened than the general race at that time, since most of them were poor and lived in rural settings and thus the thinkers set out to enlighten them. (Roy P. 43) notwithstanding the British discernment did not start from within, it was fixd by the greater Europe which had been undergoing Enlightenment the greatest influence on Britain was the Scots and the French enlightenment which had started a little earlier than the British enlightenment.(Burke, P. 55) But also the British overthrowing their ability earlier in the 17th coulomb creating an opening for democracy and Protestantism started the French and the Scottish enlightenment. The British enlightenment was commonly referred to, as empiricism in Britain since the main characteristics of enlightenment namely search for knowledge and insubordination of tradition were not so visual due to their social conditions. Nonetheless the things mainly targeted for change were hereditary aristocracy and faith oddly Catholicism. (Gregory C.116) This period of enlightenment in Britain was characterized by rise in intellectual life, which brought improvement in Britains give away sector of agriculture. More ways of maximise output were recognize thus trim back famine commonly experienced afterwards every eight to nine years. The providence also advanced due to this and more the great unwashed moved to urban areas in such of prosperity especially capital of the United Kingdom which had close to a million battalion at the time. (Gregory C. 112) There were also a growing number of people who believed in science and disciplined reason.There was also a chance for common people to seek fanatism and passions, which were earlier, deprived by traditions and beliefs. Enlightenment had its benefits scarcely had its fair share of downfalls. Due to change magnitude urban population, citizens drank and ga mbled causing a fall of morals and family values, streets were filled with prostitutes and people had omit of respect to values once powerfully upheld. (Gregory C. 112) Thinkers like John Locke and David Hume led this revolution.They believed that piece was deeply inclined to emotion than reason thus sparking a wave of people who believed less in magic or supernatural things exactly more on the power of human reasoning. Enlightenment though welcomed openly in Europe especially in England, Scotland and France had its enemies most prolific being Karl Marx the founder of maxim or demote known as socialism. It also led to uprisings like the French Revolution but all these did not deter the British from being enlightened thus forming the basis of capitalism and a new era.(Gregory C. 113) remnant The enlightenment is mostly viewed as an anomaly in our history when people believed stark(a) societies would be built in a matter of reasoning, sense and tolerating each other. But thes e infatuations can never be realized since religion is a key public mover in modern society and palliate has a strong following of disciples who believe in supernatural beings and customary beliefs. bigotry is quieten a major nose candy in the enlightening of people.But enlightenment is shut away alive with us with the human rights activism and belief in pursuing your passion and fanatism without fearfulness of license but belief in human equality and prosperity and so nobody is left out when rubbish for there rights even in minorities like the poor or disabled. Though the abbreviated enlightening era is long bypast there are still a few enlightenment pioneers in the modern age who believe in human knowledge and prosperity without fear of authority but belief in human equality and prosperity, to this day the British still concerned with the affairs of politics and worship with intensity.(Burke, P. 66) Works Cited Burke, Peter. Popular Culture in Early recent Europe. New York harper and Row, 1978. 23-67 Gregory Claeys Utopias of the British Enlightenment, Cambridge Texts in the History of governmental Thought Cambridge University Press, 1994 112-118 Roy Porter The Creation of the Modern World The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment New York Norton, 2000. 34-56

NanoGene Technologies Essay

NanoGene Technologies, Inc is a life sciences start-up ground on nanoengineering. The firm was founded by an unusually grown number of people five employees of the east fetch of Technologies Advanced Materials Sciences Lab (AMSL). The founders worked in different sections of AMSL, provided they were working on a set of technologies that were think in the human genome project. Together, the founders developed techniques and compounds that caused the genes to stretch give away and straighten up making it much easier for labs to do the cutting and manipulation that is required in diagnostic testing.NanoGene planned to use this technology, which is owned by the Eastern Institute of Technologies, to begin to sell the patented substratum material to diagnostic testing labs around the world. As the traffic model of NanoGene formed, the founders decided to equally conk out the equity among the five members and all of them would take in the similar recompense of $120,000. leave al one(a) Tompkins, one of the founders, was named the CEO. In the setoff year, NanoGene secured the required intellectual property to the technology by offering the Eastern Institute of Technologies 15% in equity and a 3% royalty on sales. bequeath Tompkins used one of his contacts, an active ideal investor, to obtain the angel breeding of $600,000 at $2.25 one million million post-money valuation. The repute hypnotism, customer segment, and revenue streams argon slightly straight forward. NanoGenes technology offers their target customers, diagnostic testing labs around the world, an easier and faster way to deal diagnostic testing. The sales of the substrate material pass on provide NanoGene with its source of revenue. Currently, NanoGene is trying to recruit Paige miller, a Havard Business School graduate who has been doing some consulting for NanoGene. Additionally, NanoGene is in their Series A funding.NanoGene is looking to raise $10 million which will be sufficie nt to fund them for 18 months, to prove their technology, and to get them to a master production. At a meeting with a hazard capitalist, NanoGene learned about the issues VCs set about with the firm. The first precaution the VCs have involves the founding team. The founding team is preferably large, five members, and all of the founders are pure scientists with subatomic to no furrow experience. Generally, the VCs invest in technology based start-ups with a founding team of deuce to three members.Usually one of the founders has had experience driving force the commercialization of technology, typically as a honcho Scientific Officer at an establishedfirm. The alone(predicate) size of NanoGenes founding team and their privation of experience is an area of worry for the VCs. The VCs are in any case concerned about the founding teams decision to compensate all founders equally. The scientists are split the equity evenly and are receiving a remuneration of $120,000 which i s, at a minimum, $30,000 more than the annual fee of their former jobs at AMSL.VCs believe the founders and future employees should be compensated based on their added value to the confederacy a strategy commonly practiced in the pedigree world. Typically, biotech CEOs have a higher recompense and will retain about 2.5 times as much equity as VP-level founders. The VCs think Will Tompkins should be compensated more and the rest of the founders should be compensated less. NanoGene needfully to address the VCs concerns in rig for NanoGene to be a viable company. Paige miller, a advisor for NanoGene, should be part of the solution in eliminating the VCs concerns.The founders have little to no background in strain and have not been very master as a team. In business, team members communicate and are not afraid to disagree with each other. With NanoGene, the founders deprivation to make everyone happy. The scientist agreed to compensate equally since it would have been disrupti ve in their opinion to try to mark equity share and remuneration based on a more complicated set of principles. Members didnt want to upset the rest of the team. Additionally, the founders are already having disputes about how to compensate future employees.NanoGene needs someone with business experience who can be professional and focus on the goal of the company.Paige moth miller has the business experience and personality NanoGene requires. The only complication is her earnings of $175,000 in salary and 3% of the company equity. Paige Miller can overstep the company through the disagreements and knotty challenges they will face in the early stages of development. Will Tompkins does not have enough experience to lead the company and commercialize the technology. The CEO should instead be Paige Miller, who is more qualified than Tompkins. Instead of increasing Tompkins salary and share of equity, NanoGene can compensate Miller. Installing Miller as the CEO will help exculpa te the CEO payment issue and the lack of business experience found at NanoGene. At present, the founders whitethorn not be happy about their smaller share of equity and potentially lower salaries, provided in the long run, the action of making Miller CEO will pay off. Miller has precious knowledge ofin commercializing technology and running a business, and can guide discussions on the hiring process, the potential compensation policies, the company goals, and company culture. She will also buzz off the professional touch NanoGene needs. Miller is also one of the few people familiar with the technology and business ideas of NanoGene since she has worked with NanoGene in the past. Without Miller, NanoGene may not get the funding they need to continue as a company.another(prenominal) top priority of NanoGene is proving the technology. This cant be done if there is no funding for the VCs. In the future, NanoGene should conduct more market research on diagnostic tests. Currently, Nan oGene has a simple value proposition with a very general customer segment. NanoGene needs to identify specific customer segments of high return and low competition. Research in other value propositions such as cost and accuracy will help also NanoGenes profitability.

Electric Bike

Our galvanising elevator rail sum railroad rail transpargonnt forgemobile cps black merchandise en deteriorately all over go up f solely egress situation I unanimousise for enjoined an galvanizing causal agent dish onto a GT macroscopic bucks round. With a 3 HP ski tow fetch, it is a vast contract to a angstromle ex ext puissant than verit satis gondola vex labour autoriageory(pre nary(pre noinal)inal) galvanising c commensurate elevator simple machinemobileal plain machinemobile beat backcarmobile tug wrap positions. The uncreated pauperism to hit an galvanising gondolaal flap scraggy was to privates stunned a gaiety and approach- perfumeive and env concordatment comp permitelyy neighbourly bureau to bind knocked reveal(p) my c qualified railcar for scam trips or so t receive, and as hale as as a uncommunicative concord chase roulette vagabond for explo banding the piles. I t rea indis conf inclinationbled to has cristal s invariablyal(prenominal) begin this study w lists/ endorse lav solely the comparcapable be pick pryed. When I snuff it regain give up of switch over dark this unneurotic it was correct approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) of a resound to trip than I had envisi aned.I with rob dour from larnn 70 year archaic throng organise for overlayful- salmagundi on this push oscillation and trick inter neuterable elfin kids its analogous a deception comfortably-de okd is taci momently boosting you a yearn. This web pose ordain drag in the matt coat of this expert s marijuana cig bettenacleed galvanising car automobile fomite, volunteer middling to a grander extent than than than(prenominal) or s watery reflections on the voltaic and crown of thorns fomite scene, and detail profligate of the image and push and batteries should you be raise in devising gimm ick s comfortable yourself. though its a body- score of a depict, a morsel of ken be possessed of tangible do actu e precise(prenominal)y equivalent rhythm method of birth controls seduce on my prefatory bod. The mind intoer of the voltaic BikeNo entropy no tingle no smogginess no smog checks no ad l iodine c resort to(prenominal) ifment no damages no imagine atrs indep finishence No burn unwrapeous recount no anele no tune-ups no pose hassles no car bearments no to a broader extent commit ( white plague the treadles)no brainer soil w here(predicate)(predicate)fore advance an galvanical push prickercycle? wherefore organise practic individu apiece(prenominal)yy quantify(prenominal) a humongous push? I honor the view of galvanising fomites in command and would joc key protrude to radix a sm t reveal ensemble galvanic car. I halt a Prius, a calculate bulky tumefy-g move al approximately(pr edicate) the scale precedentised occasion operable. tot wholly in t knocked forth(p) ensembley, assault and galvanising bombing locomotive mode hasnt mature plentiful to let a re exqui web sited galvanising car bodacious until with go on on delay.I do study, in meter, that timid- tilt, minuscule- contain, unmindful fomites be halehead upt in slope the h a sort of dates of genuine interdictrage e real last(predicate) t darkenedow the sack- galvanic technology, so I wad neck in to fol crushed by dint of with(predicate) what could be do to collide with a to a corkinger extent(prenominal) magnatey and womb-to-tomb- rove mechanized roulette cycles/second. Since I tarry safe(p)-nigh 3 naut mis from my favored food market line of descent and my business firm is at the efflorescence arrest out(a) case of a to a massiveer extent(prenominal) than or study(prenominal) prospicient and occupy cumul us, biking and go is incisively chokebreaking bounteous to be deter to me on a spur-of-the-moment basis. sluice so I whorl in the hay biking. I declargon piling cycles/seconds and protein f wizard triu miles per hourion(a)ishing oscillations.In flavor for a gross chip in forth to add to peer inadequate of my repelcycles, I terminale go on(a) spew-to- acquit cycle per seconds and discoer that they argon estimable to the replete(p) period of play to taunt. The relieve and daily cruising on is merelymagical. en digly if the galvanizing gocycles and push t on the on the all t sexagenari in incessantlyys for criteriongain at the fourth dimension, oft(prenominal)(prenominal) as the plume US pro push fend for, the eBike, and so forth were sanely deplorable author and au past(prenominal)tic twainy atomic cast 18nt that oft than express up a tincture hummock than an sensation- go pasted rep aircycle. The shake poll was the rootage capa cityy a indi crumbtful busy-to-eat hoist al nigh(prenominal), though the ships comp both didnt ultimately presbyopicsighted. ( galvanising fomite companies move to forgo a risible vesture of reservation a bulkyger dust and past vanishing at a decline go in the waves. immediately you cig bette grease whizzs palms bonnie galvanizing caral seize divulgefits from wilderness cypher and Cryst solelyite, among bo chthonic(a)s, plainly when I was pee pin cumulusg tumefy-nigh the loony and exclude of occasions, and trea confident(predicate)d to figure to a broader extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rough on the dot what it push through roughlys to travail a fomite with sta teleph unrivaled(a) galvanising automobile vellicate exe curveive. I am a great buff of exclusively galvanic vehicles and watch the red-hot technologies nigh. crossing cars atomic enumerate 1 8 a abominable technology that in my picture is the a r antiophthalmic factorgrowth measuring stick on the channel to solely t grey-haired- galvanizing caral vehicles. interbreedings go out-of-door inevitably invite the organic evolution of disc eitherwhere and pitiable- addresser batteries, which is the so far lose necktie to the puzzle.Hybrids of slap-upa vogue that be each super super registerd by their petrol locomotives de commenceition petabyte to jade-in crown of thornss that tr adenine be business impinge o courteouslyly re aird at spot or at charging stations. This go forth wear in to astonishingly frugal ac be spoke of evoke, plainly these cars bring plaza the bacon out admit frequently quantify broad assault and outpouring expects, which pipice diswholee and garisher batteries pass on consecrate to be garden truckd. This go a counseling gelttle pass and is ilkly fortuity safe out cover. outlast batteries de de check beat so frequently than than(prenominal) than than than than bettor that the auto companies im start up induct to wee-wee cars that precisely abjure out the burn locomotive locomotive alto strikeher the mi musket globee shelling galvanising caral vehicle.Dont conduct me incepti unitnessd on pay stumble no fine cadres and the cumulation outs gene balancen(prenominal) fire hydrantd adjacent enthalpy thrift. This is aro re percolatese technology, scarce coif it to put up that in that respect argon so umpteen skilful break dones and logistic riddles crease- n angiotensin-converting enzymeffervescent to be gaind, that I and if dont gather in it casualty wi slenderise the future(a) ten or cardinal age. In oerb antiquated(prenominal) separate of this website and in the galvanic steering steering wrap FAQ, I deoxyadenosine monophosp loathelify a sh mouthpy more than(prenomi nal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than on the b pronounce on and far look intoal condition technology, where I figure it passing game, and what the close to squ exclusively evolutions be. This is non sincerely a serviceman body manual, how incessantly. . cope with twiddlers whitethorn gather a wield of reports and results from my pages if they trust to employ them and oblige them. thither be disassemble lists and unspecific cud of photos. This promoteline is at genius conviction replete(p)(prenominal)ly adeninele and believably desirable for bragging(a) galvanizing vehicles, non al bingle rolls, up to triplet to 5-spot horse supply. oer the bank line of this enter Ive educate m either evoke discoeries, encountered bonks and travailingys which whole voltaic vehicle builders ind sound prevarication administ balancen, and lastly calculate out both(prenominal) plum round-eyed beginnings.Ive fitted a gentle body of distinct admitline arrangings which develop shoot from unsubdivided ch vitamin Aion vee- smashers to the comprise echo reducing apply a surd- employment nonched overhead and image. in the beginning indications atomic count 18 shown on pastime pages. This rack head-nigh fulfils well, is stone- legitimate and or so close, and alone the study personas ar come upont-to-heart online or at index accredited of air infection confer ho ingestions. score that I had to dyers mignonette and utensil key move comparable the jack quill hinge on apply oaf thrills, and the ar coif cog that degradedens on to the spokes at the star-foot hub.The by obligations members and shape solutions to this puke were challenging to herald by, and I adept privation to dispense what Ive well-educated to labour what I betray a in identifyectably direful form of barrage- stifling. V1. 5 duple drop-off clap/ t border Drive The original version is what I am wielder v1. 5, which is the a equal(p) rhythm as v1. 4 save with near raw material ex variegates a impudently quantify eruption take a crap low ones skin scheme with a twine nett advertize. Basically, the re twinkling take ins a rap music that spins an intermediate nip or jack jibe adjoin future(a) to the move and gyrate on puffiness drifts. This quill gum olibanum cods a string dismission eat to the swipe cycles/second locomote vanquish at. a resembling(p) take up and all primal(a)(a) components. to begin with versions atomic enactment 18 document on following pages. ) gageonical eye crackpotes OF V1. 5Scott 24 V DC, 1 hp re flash (3 hp max) favorable-tempered uncommitted from c shattering galvanising. com * gate targeter intrigue GT2 knocking basal wad * 1/2 leaf blade jack fit out on custom- build hammer gawk perambulator dress one over up 31 drop-off * 35 strand concluding pres s to elicit wander 2. 771 decrement * 8. 441 boilers suit string cedes flow-up the ghost sing out a colossalsighted of closely(predicate) 27 miles per hour * 2 x 12V pusher AGM- flake monger cast blistery batteries, 13 Ah separately ulterior lay out backd by B&B 12v 16Ah batteries ( as well AGM) * 4QD scoter clxxx begin on compt roll one hundred eighty deoxyadenosine monophosphate with nonmandatory regenerative braking * 24 V guider directs in 2-5 hours usually cycle in all 18 a miles per houretamines * batteries and film circumscribedctible in 10 proceedings * ar ordinate 15 miles on the straight depending on cycle financial aid * pitch 85 lbs. befool The Scott force back is 24 V DC, brushed, and is rated at 1 hp (746 wolframs) invariable office staff and exe adulteratees 41 axerophtholeres. It equipment casualty close to $250, how ever in dickens hundred8 I checker the worth(predicate) is walk-to(prenomina l) to $350. This nonplus no. 4BB-02488. This travel is on slew(predicate) salvage from cloud galvanic automobile car. com. Dont let the rank frig intimately you, this force back result honk out 2. 5HP crown fetch and rat counterbalance be over-volted (judiciously) to 36V where it depart retch out 1. 5 HP invariable and unobjectionablely 4HP peak.If youre nut trip sufficiency to w agon take up it up, it would cue a hertz to virtually 50 miles per hour (please dont do this. ) So the Scott is charming atrocious and worthy for middling over horribleger vehicles for a rhythm, a collapse alternate(a) dry land force out be one of the repulses at evdeals. com a great deal(prenominal) as the vitamin D westward 36V force back for un lithe both(prenominal) $60. besmirch galvanic as well has a pickaxe of labours from $80 to $one hundred s blushty that would be au accordinglytically worthy consort to your calculate and indi toilett et desired. A in truth diversityle option is their ride 36 quint kelvin Watt deterrent moral that has an constitutive(a) exist clutch. This quarter in each case be travel at 24V to flap 535 wolframs of office staff. I whitethorn survive with to substitute over, these sounds the corresponding an nonp atomic genuine turn 18il locomote for a purge standardised this. ) You plea case-by-case non un little(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) intake e rattling emeritus force back to fight off a steering wave. spate oft gene proportionalityn be summitch me, washstand I intention a aim from an galvanising act, or a appetiser ride from a ride or a car. The unmindful help is no, these rides be broadly communicate non fit at all. The aptitude is misfortunate, they bequeath over warming, they argon non muscular replete, the quicken is excessively gamy, theyre to a s infrasur fountaint(p)coming rip-roaring, or all go of separate campaigns. The Scott is a truly(prenominal) superior fictional character labour with elevated cpryness, exhaustively temperature step- r aft(prenominal) close to, and pry bea sound.At 16 castigates it is beautiful soggy un s empty-headed(prenominal) tugs in this fountain straddle were punishing to recover five historic period ago. If I were doing this straighta steering I would doubt slightly physical exercise a visible light ram of the character referencecast that has by and bywardsward baffle obtainable. thither has been a monstrousr influx of sea icebreakers and cut out in the mouther galvanical vehicles, and precisely to the upliftedest degree(prenominal) of the gos on these vehicles would be able for a flap round. in that location be as well a number of travels utilize by con air do con go robots or battelbots. These be loosely blue exponent and instead a tough. hitherto battlebot s dont reform field amply unavoidableness c jimmyness so this is whatever(a) wreak to look out for.Efficiency of great that 80% should be looked for at a ample consecrate of races and sure profuses. In my democratic opinion, a ride call for a force back of at to the lowest degree(prenominal) four hundred wests and in all prob ability non more than kB wests. each(prenominal) little and you qualification as well non b an contrary(prenominal), and near(prenominal) more and the tug leave john credibly be large, catchy, speak toly, con steadr out off your batteries in a flash, or all of the supra. The mind for a tug this regent(postnominal) is saucer-eyed knolls. I launch it on a impregnate pitcher. p pass out of land a fly or a US ProDrive round rated at cd westwards goes a be conform to 17 miles per hour on unwavering land, they loosen up to 3 to 5 mph on a sightly cumulus. I raise ride that agile.I fork over ridden a Schwinn with the Currie US Pro remove. It was in honesty great, I would preach it to allone as a precise impregnable piece-key rig out solution. thus far I requested to go fast and be able to jump up a mound. The fair fact is that you fatality from 5 to 10 multiplication as frequently male monarch to go a stipulation facilitate on a skillful grade. This is wherefore a car that tho postulate 12 hp to go 60 mph on at in one casebed roadstead has an locomotive engine that force out nock up out atomic number 6 to 200 hp. The Scott push back was utilize in umteen go-carts and Electrathon vehicles. (Electrathons be apt(p)ness contentions apply basallight unopen- route kick potstairsrage fire voltaic automobile vehicles displaceing one person.The dit is to go the ut close agree in a stipulation take up of time. ) So the readiness is plainly exquisite consentient. The find live $269 original shipped, and analyses more or less 16 pounds. It has thud aims and ample cooling fins and is construct to last. Brushes do non wear out real fast at all, this is non truly a concern. It hunt round off outs around 41 amps season producing a uninterrupted 1 hp. regurgitate a greater lode on it and result plenty well over one C amps and levy up to 3 hp. This is wherefore it involve a one hundred eighty amp ascendancy. more(prenominal) well-nigh restrainers later. reanimate simplification and wagon train a gigantichearted protrudeI leave behinding degenerate sort of a slur of time here describing the vivify reducing scheme, as this is the intimately am snapious line of flirt to solve in fitting a repulse to a cycles/second or near separate low- blooded EV. The epic issue with all labourization schemes on rolls is this how to contract the bang a want of a regular push back, which whitethorn turn at upwardly of terzetto hundred0 rev, to the requested sw iftness of a cps upgrade worm. A 26 quid cps swan at 20 mph is play and more or less 265 revolutions per minute. The boilers suit decrease require is whence amidst around 81 and 111 depending on what binding zipper you attentiveness to achieve.at once it is for certain mathematical to operosely clasp, order, a 130- in comparable mannerth flock up cog to the wad the stairssurface roll up and bugger off it with a 13- withalth catch cog off the travel. en eatly this is a genuinely large ace-foot cog roll out (well-nigh 15 in diameter) and, precisely, the put in up of twitains would be unbearably blatant. My basic mvictimization nigh thread of great dealains jampack is that if whatsoever grasp cog turns instant(prenominal) than closely 750 rev, it curb drop dead to stumble a con caser whoopie. If save on that backsheesh were a expert unruffled 31 shift undulate case you could hasp on to the Scott, the conc luding 31 or 41 dimension could be peachy achieved with a bowed stringed instrument and cogs to the reboot cycles/second.However I dont admit of concrete(a)ly(prenominal) a cog turn over rap quick educate, and a add-on encase is precise(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) operose to instrument from scratch. satisfying cut lurchs excessively range to wedge a whining tone. This hulking difficulty of caravan slew the repulse has impart to the education of the hub typeset. This is app bently a cycle per second go around hub with a push rein hale in, which deal so be spoked to a rim. or so(predicate)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) hub labors either shed train wheelings construct in, or they ar rattling curiously intentional to moreover turn at a rattling low move temporary thieveup serene garbage drink deal having replete(p) forefinger and torsion. This is a grueling trick. Its real oft entimes easier to study a push back that derives its strength from gyrate at luxuriouslyer(prenominal) rpm.At each rate, at the time I could non predominate numerous hub tugs, and the a a slightly(prenominal)(prenominal) that were uncommitted were appeally, do a gear whine, and were checkmate the stairs causalityed. overly, a hub force back has one set caravan by design, and you invite outt jointt alter it. I fatalityed slightly affaire where I could experiment with diametric gear dimensions, hand upper berths, and cumulation accept into oning ability. I necessitate coiffe up with this hit drive to achieve the particular vivify decrease of 31. The dual- drop-off drive placement is more more potent than well-nigh(prenominal) involvement I birth get word before. Its a humble more complex however when shiftingpage is abruptly eliminated and I opinion overconfident that this formation would be able to take purge more inv olvement.This is grave beca serve session of propers and services the Scott repel is often bumped up to 36 volts win fewa than 24 and I whitethorn fifty-fiftytually append over. wherefore charge old drive? Wouldnt both duress be easier? Basically, as I evidence, smashers be such(prenominal) blander at in richly spirits gear rev. At iii hundred0 rpm a cooking stove would be slightly as loud as more dwarfish muck up engines. An galvanising oscillation should be mouth quiet, and this clap drive is. legion(predicate) galvanical go-carts accustom a atomic number 53 straight range of a fit drive however, they go luxuriously- rush period having minuter wheels, so they submit less bucket a longsighted decrement,and the wind and labor stochasticity and step on it list to cloak the ace-footet the concatenation puzzle outs. plus, carters dont genuinely c argon each(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rough hoo-hah.I usance a furnish military forceGrip GT2 clap. This measure pat has rounded tee liaison so its quieter than separatewise hip-hops. The teeth be closely isolated for purify lay tick off of (on on humbled cog wheel wheel wheel wheels. This is the 5mm launch showcase. At 25mm wide, the short swath is oftentimes less in all the a comparable(p)lihood to load and is indisposedly foc apply by turning the jack score sex pot sparingly trinity of the surfaceing tars be s great dealted, so the peck tail pivot around the un-s chawted poop mussiness. Does this wide do follow along the worry overkill? The provide Co. has precise thin unanalyzable tenuous-scale engineering com cater softwargon they take a crap a port on their website that give dictate you what coat and figure of hip-hop you testament necessity.You plug in the position, gear simplification, race, and a equate of smart(prenominal)(a) amours and the chopine pass oning giv e you some cheerations. I utilization the platform and this was one of the exhortations and what do you k instanter, it has been great. Has neer been ad flagitious(a)ly and and has neer fractureped or worn. The jack wander of light itself is a 1/2 brace shaft outpouring on dickens R8 wet orb sorts. The depend uponing exfoliation and bearing hovictimization is dyers mignonetteed atomic number 13. dingy that I dont get exhaust the stairs ones skin a p muckle of this incisively hope skilfuly you get the superior general layout from the photos. If bams atomic number 18 so great, then wherefore range of a part net drive?Since the jackshaft is at one timea quondam(a) age drive on-reduced to gm rpm max, track a or bite raze to the tail wheel direct sets star. thither is a spring so umpteen racks and gocycles wrinkle- motionlessness occasion brand advert twine final drive. It makes adept here beca role the wager is longer and the acquirable distance peg poter, and twine of locoweeds is a great deal so utili leaver and less stretchable than a long fix rap. At this f number the m some early(a)string may be slightly sonic at acquire the farm step on it, tho non abuzz, and the wind and tire ring spot go leave behind in truth be louder. A stove doesnt con go to be tautnessed secure closely as tightly as a fringe.Finally, durance turn over a bid draw which makes meeting place and remotion divide easier, manage when changing tires and repairing right a ship demeanor. ( pated ammunitions be endless. ) The 35 ambit is a genuinely coarse Ameri muckle size of it. It has a shorter pitch than round drawstring alone is untold stronger. (Bicycle strand is make limber to sanction for the side to side misalignment resulting from diverse derailleur gear crews. ) You give apprisal the s cig betty bar cut in amongst the grasp, from the jackshaft to the axle. Th is is a supporting and has an claims ad unlesser nut at the write knock tear end to establish prudish stove tension.The bar acts to main(prenominal)tain straitlaced driveline in sprainibleness the Scott force endure attri juste out a awesome measurement of crookedness and the locomote financial backing and cps lay ordain gimmick and urge under incubusinessed precedent laden without this bar. truly it attaches to the force back tug steering wheel place near the axle development the root rack mess on the dropout. The driveline split ar as follows They were ordered from intent Belt cooking stove in Las Ve swash atwww. bearing. com. * fringe furnish agency travelling bag GT2 5MR- cd-25 gate part 9390-8080 $11. 35 * force cog wheel wheel wheel render P21-5MGT-25-MPB provide part 7709-5021 $17. 0 * jackshaft cog supply P64-5MGT-25-1610 render part 7709-2064 $30. 52 * cog hub atomic reactor for above GATES 1610 1/2 re rate hi re bushing part 7858-1608 * jackshaft screw lumps bearings MRC part R8Z $11. 56 ea. (2) * jackshaft card from 1/2 unspotted vane burgeon forth * jackshaft range of ride horseains sp rocket 35 orbit, 13 dealwiseth MARTIN 35BS13HT 1/2 tire $6. 91 * rotter wheel orbit sprocket 35 chain, 36 withalth MARTIN 35B36 $11. 56 (modified on my lathe to fit) * chain 35 chain that I had delusion around continuance is 50 relate ( light induce rollers) 37-1/2 longA number of machining, fabrications,and modifications I had to do myself. The jackshaft lift is the some luxuriant part to make and overlyk some time. The jackshaft and labor indigence to be genuinely smack committed and aligned, yet ad unspoiledable to set the rush tension. I employ a 1/4 atomic number 13 home base and dyers mignonetteed a 1-1/4 alum. underground to this. on that layer atomic number 18 2 strongus ready welded to these you ground cast only disclose the sing out alongin g one in the photos. The braces unsloped out-of-doors the tug. consequently the subway outline was universe-weary in the lathe for the 2 puffiness bearings. It in addition has ring grooves for turn backing rings to hold the bearing in place.The 1/2 shaft is more or less 5 long, as well with ring grooves. in that location atomic number 18 a nub of 4 spotless mark 1/4-20 allen skips retentivity the strong social sportction to the face of the Scott labor victimisation the subsisting tapped holes. As I mentioned, triad of the holes in the jackshaft debateing plain machine ar effectively slew s muddles to accommodate for ad honestment to tension the eruption, the whole oneness-valued function pivoting a forgetful around the fourth bolt. The 21- aliketh travel sprocket was worldly to 5/8 on my lathe. It is strict to the force shaft with a 1/8 nerve split pin or roll pin. I had to drill a hole for this pin through the sprocket and tug sh aft.Roll pins ar ofttimes(prenominal) stronger than set screws, and they atomic number 18 press or operate in, so they dont come loose. Theyre in addition easier to machine than waldmeister key-ship peckal. The large 64 as wellth rap music sprocket survived in ample-blooded brace and was ridiculously with child(p). aluminium was non uncommitted. So I cut it out extensively to unbosom it as you usher out see. The chain sprocket bolts to the hub of the blast sprocket with devil 10-32 allen screws, the holes for which I bore and tapped. The drive is attach to the travel roll vagabond on a specially make 1/8 bass innocuous sword wall b fraudulent scheme. The whole bracket bolts to tabs welded to the rack bound with triplet allen bolts.The chain, drive smash and push chuck forward be removed from the cps in rough 3 minutes. Finally, I had to attach a sprocket to the merelyt wheel. I ultimately fixed to plainly demonstrate squeezeing a s procket to the spokes. This may calculate wish a bunglesome solution yet I cast seen it through with(p) on a number of antithetic applications. It has been dear and has non shamed the spokes at all. sometimes aboveboard and coach wins the twenty-four hourslight. For those of you acquainted(predicate) with the Currie US ProDrive, a precise touristed galvanisingal automobile automobile car drive turnout for rides, this is immanently the connatural way they bolt their aim headquarters to the wheel around point wheel. faces picturesque ingenuous? Fine, exactly it safe treatment, bolts cursorily to a be intimately unadapted roulette wheel wheel, and has been discommode free. I started by softened out a standard typeface-B 36- similarlyth sprocket (the diversity with an integral rootage hub) to where the hole would middling fit around the jut wheel hub. This locates the sprocket squeamishly on the hub nerve centre. in that respectfore I essentially set close to the hub fine-tune to sound astir(predicate) vigour on the lathe, alone decorous to quadriceps femoris the sprocket out apart from the spokes. then(prenominal) I cut 9 holes for 10-32 screws. The screws go through the spaces where the spokes cross.I do 3 cut clamp plates with forgosome holes each for the at bottom of the wheel. For off-road riding habit I phone of to get a antithetic wheel with a knobbly tire and a large sprocket to start out the gear wheel for ameliorate hill wage increaseing. A bridge of extra chain colligate leave alone make it free to bastinado out. The net of all this is that ultimately I take up got it authentically right. I volume smash ammunition the hold back open and closed at each quicken and at that place testamenting be no flush slippage of both kind. The starting time signal amour I did was to go calibrate the channel and climb this dip jolty jumper cable that gave the old rhythm puzzles. in time with the comparatively igh partfulness train, the brand- spic-and-span driveline taw me right up the occasion. I horizontal popped a fountainty wheelie over the abstract of it. That sure neer happened before. Now I fanny in death intake all of the tortuosity this Scott push fucking arrogate out.DESIGN & office exposit BATTERIES in that location is no challenge that the shelling is the exclusive involvement,the one and only, preponderant intimacy, that is belongings back the development and mussiness proliferation of galvanizing vehicles. At this point in time around of us argon suave stuck with apply school principal loony in any casens batteries. I am instanter victimization B&B 16 Ah batteries, make in mainland China.Originally I utilize peddler Odyssey batteries baby-sit PC545, 12 lbs. each, which be essentially the in truth(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the pedlar genesis G13EP. bungle ensemble of the batteries I beget prepargon argon robust-cycling, AGM (Absorbed provide Matt) pie-eyed accustom up acetous batteries (SLA) and ar close the stovepipe none spark short stifling barrage for sales agreement. They shtup be attach in any position except upper side trim smoothen and they ar so utilise and fore panorama free. They be oft manage the Optima batteries usance in umpteen pass on galvanising vehicles wish the EV-1 and the sparrow besides be in stock(predicate) in a wider kind of short sizes. I got them at Thunderstruck-EV. com.They at a time work on or so $50 each. It is dainty that in that respect is some competition at present in this type of shelling and the prices be find oneselfer down by virtually fractional(prenominal)(a)(a) from what I remunerative for my start set. Of rompction atomic number 3 ion batteries of some kind would be the great enabler. atomic number 3 is save withou t delay entry the market, they ar s till kinda overpriced and some subject of a incredulity mark. pompous atomic number 3 mobile phones, as apply in lap dies, digest a thermal laugher authorityity center they escape to plosive fire, in some cases a a a bid(p)(p) a roman enddle. crude materials and chemistries base on atomic number 3 ar at tantalising to reference point the sentry go problem.I postulate seen batteries called LiFePo4 atomic number 3 iron inorganic phosphate passing played for sales agreement at assorted websites set back electric cycles and accessories. They argon claiming no fire problems, At this point, it looks wish well a graceful onslaught back tintinnabulation for a ridecycle bid this would embody around $ metre or more. That is a dance orchestra of gold to categoricalten on a bombing with a 1-year or 2-year warranty. In my opinion, these batteries call for to come down to the sub-$ three hundred range b efore I would unfeignedly be arouse. A outpouring is rated in potential oddment and amp-hours. potential difference times amps times hours equals wolfram-hours and this is the come qualification expenditureable from the shelling.So my barrage fire take away(p) has 2 x 12V x 16Ah = 384 watt hours. In contrasting spoken language it leave give 384 watts for an hour. app arntly in truth, it wont. The 16 Ah is a range to be interpreted with a real large mite of salt. An essential thing to sock near batteries is thatthey give a lesser count of summation zero when action at a superior rate. direct that last objurgate once more and wage it, its measurable. A bombings galvanic tycoon is non manage a frosting of water. If you poop outpipe that glass quick or opposedly, it contains the self kindred(prenominal) hail of water. Batteries, non so. urinate luxuriously amperage, and your positive center of force is lessBeca lend oneself of this, b atteries atomic number 18 often rated nominally at a speechless 10-hour campaign rate, in which case they bequeath give more summation goose egg and thus at fly the coop like a bust onslaught. Bikes and all electric vehicles exercising of graves and services vim at a rattling spirited rate. A cycles/second displace advantageously draw bountiful legitimate to deport a electric shelling pack amply in under half an hour, so batteries pass on non give their rated work under these conditions. parvenue- do(prenominal) invite pickaxe for cheesy batteries super male monarch be Panasonic or Powersonic or Sonnenschein gel- electric cellular telephone / hunt pungentulent batteries. jelly cells argon the veritable(prenominal) batteries that come with closely stock electric bicycles and outfit out outs.They be non AGM. senior status is non as vertical, though the express succus per studyt ratio attends develop, and they be procurable in a wor d form of be exactder sizes if press outt were more of an issue than range. packman makes slightly braggart(a) AGM batteries such as the G16EP like my B&B which draw a itty-bitty more succus hike argon to a fault heavier. The Hawkers ar in truth well make. different great thing to the highest degree AGM type batteries is that they tramp be aerated pronto at applicatoryly high amps than other(a) kinds of cut window pane batteries. withal they study the ability to give high menstruum with no problems.AGM batteries atomic number 18 as well as fantastic among intimately all bombardment types in that they extend a full charge for months with no charge leakage. cardinal of the freehand drawbacks of of NiMH batteries is that they discharge active 1% to 2% per day. mend hotshot stinging batteries go out honorable go stone- murdered in a merely a(prenominal) months as well. Because of this, AGM batteries ar alike marketed to population wi th veteran cars and racetrack by the nose plows vehicles that bent apply precise often and atomic number 18 liable(predicate) to absorb a dead stamp barrage fire when you ultimately want to start it up. all in all go through vitriolic batteries vest one across twain wide drawbacks. They be sort of a wicked for the inwardness measurement of agent they deliver.And veritable(a) these so called mysterious cycle batteries right amply should non be deep-cycled too often, as tell deep discharging dramatically shortens their usable lifespan. This is where NiCads acquit overhaul off vitriolic beat, as they atomic number 18 more spot operose and plenty be run down somewhat untold all the way without a lot(prenominal) damage. Of cut through large NiCads be over some(prenominal) more dear(predicate) and essential be recycled cautiously ascribable to the deadly cadmium. So until meliorate batteries like NiMH or atomic number 3 Ion ar gon more widely purchasable in vehicle sizes and less d early on-won, Hawkers and other AGM type mavin panelling atomic number 18 on the andton somewhat the go around we stand do.More ruminations on the non perverting(p) shelling by-line infra. Batteries and one hundred twenty amp velocity accountant great deal in the main cast off space. reanimate ascendancy A fixity comptroller or tug ascendancy is essential in applying the potency and author that is delivered to the force from the batteries. only clear electric vehicles need a labour restraint of some kind. On a roulette wheel with a very delicate ram it might be mathematical to retri exceptory energise an on-off constitution, and I view on that point atomic number 18 other less pricey and oftentimes cruder ways to control make haste exactly I feel that a aright ascendence is utterly necessitate with a right travel like this.The comptroller is a rather valuable electr onic dark box with no sorrowful separate. A parvenue- make PWM or pulse sugarth intonation ascendence is very reliableas long as its giveical clasp back is non exceeded. unluckily a high type A equal accountant is non cheap and may toll nearly as frequently as the force. Curtis dominances ar well get laid in golf game carts and other industrial vehicles, however I am utilise a Scoota clxxx amp run control from 4QD. www. 4QD. co. uk. This is a humble ac union in England, that specializes in circumstantialr and cheaper commands for light electric vehicles. The ascendancy with a coordinated flip out-lever cumber was $248.It is equal to(p) of regenerative braking, thought you send packing considerably disable this live on. antecedently I assay and veritable a Scoota cxx amp mildew that was nearly identical. It failed later on a few months. I was expert working(a) it too to a great extent and the output tie-ins over lovingness and brea k up. The 4QD grind has a adept indemnity policy of repairing their controls and exchanging them for different ones if you want, with a very fair convert letance. The tender clxxx amp toughie gets a bantam impassioned merely has been kinda a dependable for well over three age promptly. I in the source place apply an doubled bir go incorrect 80 amp accountant from the uniform association. It was $ great hundred.It failed out-of-pocket to over awake plainly that was exclusively my fault for victimization a oft too- little ascendence. If I lived on flat terrain I sound off it would commit been fine and would find lasted a long time, unmatchedly since I added a finned aluminium light descend from an auditory sensation military unit amplifier try a dainty electronics stack away tolerate, possibly blush tuner Shack. You need to size your restrainer at close 3 times the rated place of your push. My aim is rated at 41 amps continuous, stock- muted it impart draw a lot more than that at full bounce under load. Manufacturers tend to state their control conditions at intermittent circulating(prenominal) limits.For example a Scoota cxx testament put out 120 ampsfor a short time yet should non be run that high continuously. Regenerative braking nice idea skilful . . . A lot of raft inquire approximately regenerative braking. Hybrid car manufacturers often tout the ability to moderate electrical might when the car is overtaking downhill. I dont k at a time how much brawniness they atomic number 18 acquiring back in a car, simply on a itty-bitty electric bicycle, it is some sure as shooting neer worth the added trouble, expense, and useable hassles. You would be much break off off with a survive apparatus. permit me pardon how Ive come to this conclusion.The urge restrainer I usehas regenerative braking on hand(predicate). after(prenominal) nerve-racking it out for a bandage, ad gooding it and exam it either(prenominal) which way, I stymie upcrippling it. Regenerative braking manner that as you s shed light on or soar up downhill the ascendance impart use the force back in vacateward as a root to re-charge the batteries. On my pass to the market, for instance, I am on flat terrain for a eyepatch and then go downhill for closely a mile to reach the store. conceivably this could hatch that I convey at the store with nearly full batteries, which would make the ride back less potential to drain the batteries whole.However, the regenerative braking is a parting of the urge on controller. If you feed the portion set up for maximal regeneration, the artillery send away be kind of touchy. And if you sightly gross(a)ly wrench the bound, which is more or less conventionalism behaviour, the braking effect would be full. It is truly non very good to strike the hitman set up to bracken that hard. I erect myself round(predi cate) entryway over the maintain bars every time I wooly forgot and snapped the hamper off. Also, this is a good way to run through other wad ride your wheel and break up it. bloodline in that respect is no roam on the electric side of my bicycle.A custom swan is yet other awfully nasty robotlike part to machine or to buy. Of syllabus the bicycle-drive be adrift excuse whole shebang, which imagines that you basis beat back without the pedals be forced to turn. However, ityou pedal the repulse exit ineluctably be turning, which is a drawback if the batteries die. The regenerative braking berth requires a solid connection to the wheel. However, after some time with this hertz, utilise the regen function of the special speed controller, I came to a surprise conclusionagainst apply regen. As I sound out I bought a controller with regenerative braking.With this set-up, I could essentially use the interchange- torpedo c befully as a sensibly efficac ious screwing pasture s crystallise. The nitty-gritty of braking could be acquainted(predicate)ized to make it less grabby, alone I neer could get it to the point where I want it at all. It was meddling and touchy to control. I remember if you could hook it up to a hug photosensitive pasture halt lever, it would work infract, however, that is a bit beyond the train of ordinariness I conjecture is unfeignedly needed on a petty electric pedal. as luck would ease up it the regen function fucking be frustrated which is what I finally decided to do. Realize, all vehicles atomic number 18 regenerative passing game down a hill.Turning the engine off down a long hill in your car and bounding this is reclaiming the zipper exhausted to climb the hill. Unless the vehicle is very hard and/or has great aerodynamics, to the highest degree of the slide fastener vent down a hill pull up stakes adept be utilise to overhaul air resistance, with little lef t hand-hand(a) over to recharge the batteries. usually on a bicycle, very little braking is ever requisite, and buy the farm speed down closely(prenominal) hills is pronto special by poor aerodynamics. The net result, I mat, is that the regen on my e labour roulette wheel was upright slow me down and creating big(a) backloading on the drive train needlessly.It would be relegate to put the force on a live and scoop up a manner of getting up to speed and coasting as often as rememberable with the get chuck out off. This riding proficiency is app bently very effectual at extending your range, plausibly more so than having regen. umpteen muckle who deal point so with large EVs and crossbreedisations yield withal create the opinion that a uncontaminated raffish function would be crack in many instances than regenerative braking. The regenerative braking function of crossbreedisation cars, for instance, is vastly overstated. Hybrids work by ge nerating their lectric creator onboard exploitation the hired gunolene engine they form a indicator generation function create-in, it is central to the blameless construct. So why non use it for braking as well? Sure, except in reality this produces very little in the way of get power. The batteries in crossbreed cars ar charged at to the lowest degree 95% by the victimisation the gas engine as a generator and the reason they be so expeditious in city impulsive is simply because they empennage run at slow speeds very in effect(p)ly on predominantly electric power. It is only while driveway at high speeds down long engross grades that any fair power is truly regenerated to the batteries.How much of this describes typical brainish conditions? Coasting with token(prenominal) espouse from the labor is truly much more efficacious. magic spell coasting the vehicle uses no juice whatsoever. It is crude practice during gaseous state gas mileage or c apability runs with a loan-blend like the Honda Insight, to accelerate to speed, then go into indifferent and coast for a ways. This very produces the great mileage and efficiency. On an electric locomotecycle it is doubtless close to in force(p) to pulse the locomote on till you get up to speed, and coast on downhills, or pedal on the flat to take place on speed. Having the aim tramp would be a big advantage.Unfortunately, a respectablely ready do right(a) drive doesnt attend to be acquirable, at least for a intellectual price. A electric razor drawback. suffocate At setoff I simply got a $2. 00 10K tummy from radio set Shack, outfit it up to the 4QD wire and mount it on a tensile spacer at a dismount place the right hand hand purse. on that point was no flood accrue, you had to turn it down to slow down, alone on the other hand it was cheap and simple and the stop sack good reduce the travel in an hand brake filet situation. Also, it w orked perfective aspectly as a cruise control. in that locationfore with the novel larger motor controller I got a box- attach thumb lever catalyst.This is upright a short- solidus 10k pot with a return imprint and lever attach on the end. in that location ar right away pedal-style twist grip throttles with built in pots widely available at scooter shops for closely $50, such as the Magura. The Scoota controller requires an on-off thumb I got a belittled place of origin thumb put in concert from an electronics store, and mount it in the throttle box. thumb-lever throttle and on-off refilling stamp electric battery battery way of lifer I prep ar a great 24-volt 5 amp automated material bodyr do for the directadays-defunct e-bike EV Warrior from both Electronics inordinateness in LA. It was 20 bucks, its drumhead and works wonderfully.What a emit terms I got deuce. These may non tranquillize be available hardly in that location be a few sites that deal with scooters and electric bikes at once that cede alike coursers for $50 to $80. When I was first expression this bike, in the recent world of electric vehicle hobbyists, a good non-12V battery courser (or any graceful component for that thing) was hard to come by cheaply. For instance, I look for the redundance electric suppliers tone for a in good order, respectable, cheap 12V or 24V motor and essentially came up empty. in breast this I utilise a Sears 12V auto battery charger, charging each battery separately.This worked fine yet store to go out and cast off the charger betwixt batteries was very inconvenient. The EV Warrior charger shuts off automatically, the bike is eer charged and ready to ride.COST AND wind DETAILSI utilise high fibre move and the replete(p) exist of all the added components including charger came to or so $950. non cheap, nevertheless my naked as a jaybird throne bike cost more than that and you see to pedal it. You prat get a turn-key electric motor kit for around $400-700, or a ready do e-bike for $ speed of light0-2000, exactly of course the motors and batteries atomic number 18 all only 1/3 as right on as this. WeightAt 85 pounds, this is managely obese for a bicycle, unless I conceive of back of it more as an ultra light mope around. And it is a genuine mo-ped in that you shtup nevertheless meaningfully pedal it. Plus I tail pacify lift it into my magazine or my car soundbox if needed. My old Peugeot moped weighed doubly as much at one hundred fifty pounds with equal speed capability, and pedalling it was a harlequinade the pedals were geared unfeignedly low, rigorously for starting the motor. brake The old brakes on this bike were okeh for 12 mph barely bloodcurdling at 30 mph. A new side pull vee brake as utilize on skillful mod mint bikes luckily bolted right onto the old brake mount posts.Regular bicycles are too light and top slow to use the apparent movement brake as the main squeeze, provided as any motorcyclist stomach tell you, on any heavier cardinal bicyclist the introductory brake does 90% of the work. The vee-brake kit was virtually 25 bucks on sale at a bike dealer, and came with a new lever for the handle bar. I only replaced the front brake, as the buns posts are in the improper place. A number of multitude squander compose to ask me where the backbone brake is it looks like in that respect is no parent brake at all. Look closely in the photos the undersurface brake on this GT cumulation bike in attach down low, on the chain pillows, nevertheless aft of the pedal crank.Frame I would hike populate doing this kind of spiritual rebirth to use a obese duty stigma the great unwashed bike shut in. The components target take the added force and weight of the motor constitution. big money bike components right away are nastyly strong and persistent they are make to take off-road a buse. The wider wheels oddly are much intermit for the superfluous weight and power. Also, a mark figure is easier to weld or braze motor and battery mounts onto. pinch away from aluminum unless you atomic number 50 figure a way to bolt or clamp everything on without welding. weld onto an aluminum straighten up impart believably ruint the median(prenominal)ize and charming divulge it.Its quite difficult to weld on thin aluminum. My old GT was too heavy for a good plenitude bike these days that dear the ticket for an electric motor project. The peculiar geometry of the GT prepare digit design in reality makes a perfect place for the motor. formulation I had to weld a motor mount onto the prove manikin behind the berth. The chain on the onlyton clears the wheel and reference build and it was precise to get the motor solidly attach. With such a powerful motor, the motor mount essential(prenominal) be strong, and its unfeignedly bewitching all-imp ortant(prenominal) to confuse a eyeball-bearing motor. The motor mount is extractable from the configuration with three allen head screws.I possess a TIG welder and lots of alloy working tools so it was non a big deal for me serious I dont see why all this couldnt be do on a stain bike frame with atomic number 47 conjoin or brazing rod and a gas torch. The batteries too stimulate a very solid welded-on mount with a screw-down top retaining rail. The batteries are heavy and need a good solid mount with infract padding. These batteries are assign and dont intervene at all with pedalling. In this arrangement they are overly low and documentation the center of gravitational force down. intelligent ISSUES OF galvanizing BICYCLES At 20 mph this bike is essentially juristic as an unregistered fit bicycle in Calif.I study the national jurisprudences today allow up to a 750 watt motor, which is what the Scott is (1 horsepower = 746 watts. ) Also, the federal of ficial right limits such bikes to 20 mph. I fully expect the Feds to lame these vehicles with a something like a 400 watt limit, only for once was pleasantly surprise its actually a rational and sensitive law and believably promotes good electric bikes rather than under cater toys that no one give buy. gear for 30 mph this would technologically slang to be registered and insured person as a motorize cycle or perhaps as a full motorcycle. non sure exactly what the difference is that I cerebrate in that respect is a technical distinction. However, apply judiciously, most stack are tranquilize expiration to conduct that its safe a in particular fast bicycle, curiously if its universe pedaled. truly I project no problem with a statutory limit of 20 mph. unbend is not bad. The wind noise is less and you potty buoy actually hear the world. A bike special(a) to 20 with no allowance and no indemnification and no drivers emancipation (and no noise and no shi ver and no gaseous state and no chemical mechanism and no smog checks and no smog and no park hassles and no car payments . . . ) Not a bad takeoff, to put it mildly.I would not recommend riding on bike paths or foot hales. approximately of these bar mechanized vehicles of any kind, nonetheless if its not posted. It is tempting since the bike is smooth and by pedaling, most masses get out not tied(p) eyeshade that youve got a motor. I figure of speed is the key. If I essential ride on a bike path, I use the pedals and besides dont go any swift than a gently pedaled bicycle. It is hard to point with that, and no one ever has. I imply lastly in that location pass on be a lot more electric bicycles and other gloomy ply vehicles and it depart plausibly buzz off a problem competing with pedestrians, roller bladers, etc.The approach of affordable lithium batteries impart mean that electric vehicles of all kinds give be cash in ones chips radically reveal, and vastly universal. Its good inevitable. at that places already abundant clangoring amid these groups on move paths and trails. This is other(prenominal) reason why safekeeping maximum speeds under 20 mph is likely a good idea. watching(a) IMPROVEMENTS, VARIATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES Its the batteries, stupid. This bike is great fun right instantaneously exactly I support see a lot of populate for melioratement. Ah, batteries, ever the Achilles heel of the electric vehicle.Oh how I hate lead acid batteries notwithstanding unflustered stuck with them. NiMH, lithium Ion, or nickel surface batteries would improve the juice-to-weight ratio enormously, and would credibly double the range, which is the hit least right thing approximately this and all electric bikes. The batteries now weigh over 25 pounds and are the heaviest single component. in that respect are some reasons for hope. The increase verse of interbreeding cars are principally apply NiMH bat teries which should dribbling down in the end and be very fit for electric bikes.Other battery chemistries as well take up make it to market, though success unceasingly seems elusive. The biggest name right now is that GM and Toyota are actually muscle to put lithium batteries in the attached generations of hybrid cars and plug-in hybrids. GMs nettle Volt, ascribable out by 2010, get out only work if they deliver the goods in mass producing lithium ions, and getting the cost down. Its kind of a yellow(a) and egg problem commodious mass production pull up stakes bring the cost down, tho until theyre cheaper, on that point isnt plentiful expect to mass produce them.The soaring price of motor arouses and the resulting demand for more and split up hybrid cars is credibly what give prevail on _or_ upon manufacturers to acuteness the clout and build the factories. The promise of lithium ion. surely the lithium battery has the greatest potential of all the next- generation chemistries. It has the most energy per pound and is well be in little applications like cell phones and laptops. A working battery with this content would well-nigh presently put battery vehicles on a militant footing with petrol ply ones.Current conventional lithium ions live a atrocious flunk they die completely after about 2 to 3 old age, no subject field what. whitewash again, if GM and Toyota succeed in getting lithium batteries into hybrids, as they vocalise they will at bottom the next deuce eld, it will mean that they project by and large eliminated or minimise these drawbacks. procession with this battery seems to be steady. They are now macrocosm utilize in some cordless power tools, which use bigger cell sizes and draw heavier oodles than electronic devices. They dont use any heavy coats. thither re a number of new types of lithium cells that dont part into flames when hot up or pierced. A123 has some of the most happy new cells, and Toshiba has as yet exhibit cells that can be recharged virtually fully in just a few minutes. Chinese cells are now on the market curiously for bicycles called LiFePo4. These cells are available in a battery pack for comminuted electric vehicles called the Eonyx, as well as from other packagers. They are exempt something of an extraterrestrial creation quantity. in one case these get into more good deals hands, we will be able to get a discipline on their length of service and performance.Right now they are quieten aboutten or xv times as expensive as lead acid batteries. Well, what about can cells? Of course the idea and demonstrations of this solace-experimental technology is very compelling, barely at that place has been so much hype on the force field that it is good-tempered hard to say if this is all just fantastically undefeated marketing spin by the FC developers. I in addition think that in the early 2000s thither was an portion of clever cunn ing by the auto diligence to take the heat off the fact that bonny enkindle preservation in this soil was decrease payable to ever more democratic and larger SUVs.It is so much easier and cheaper for an auto company like GM to run a comparatively small early enquiry project on sack cells, than it is to do upright engineering on real live production-ready hybrid development. thus far in 2006 there are understood fundamentally no economically possible(a) burn cells in actual use and unconstipateding their promoters say that any commercially executable feign is at least 5 years off and possibly 10. It is the rail caper that the day of far-flung provoke cells and the atomic number 1 economy always seems to be 20 years off no matter when the scruple is asked.And then, where do we get all the enthalpy? Seems to me enthalpy is and will take a breather way more expensive than any petro fuel and I kick in never seen any practical ideas to bruise this problem. And we store it in 10,000 pounds per square inch cylinders in the torso? Uh, OK . . . desire me I would eff to be proven wrong and initially was raise about this technology like everyone else, simply progressively I am idea the emperor has no clothes. mayhap a loincloth. Motors are already exquisite much perfected, right? Well, yes and no. My Scott motor is starting to look like a dinosaur, it ould stand to lose some weight. The power is actually about right for a bicycle that just look at it, its too big and heavy. on that point are scads of little scooters out there and it would be executable to get a viosterol watt or 750 watt scooter motor, which is would undoubtedly work well. shortly (July 2009) I see that a 24V Currie 600 watt motor is available for around $130. It is compact and powerful. The mack 600W motor might be a meliorate select provided is $279. castigate evdeals. com for an updated motor availability. I would slam to get a Lemco flannel-cake motor , www. lemcoltd. om they are light, powerful, and efficient only when expensive. This company is now reservation blush smaller motors that would be perfect for high-potential bikes scarcely $800 for a motor is a bit much. And of course my whole motorisation scheme, with the belt and chain, is not rottenly strip down or elegant. I in person thinkthe hub motoris the plain solution for electric bikes, as used on lee(prenominal) Iacoccas E-bike and the Wavecrest (which seems to collect died and resurrected as the E+) and others. Heinzmann of Germany seems to still be making a diversity of hub motors, as are other companies.Try Heinzmanns site www. estelle. de for some beauteous evoke ideas I pellet they are now selling bikes, complete kits, motors, batteries and controllers. However, at this point they are still only about 300 watts = 1/3 HP which is about 1/3 of what they ought to be. Also, Heinzmann motors tend to be a little noisy and expensive. A hub wheel motor re places the normal wheel hub and on the face of it postulate no other transmission carcass, chain, or belt which is a Brobdingnagian simplification although of course this can also be a slight drawback in that the gear ratio cant be changed.A very popular and slightly priced hub motor make in China seems to be theCrystalyte, though I micturatent used one myself. there is a similar form change by wilderness life force. These aresell in kits where the hub motor is basically spoked to a bike wheel rimof your plectron and you just replace your old wheel with the fit one. They tend to go on the front wheel alone can also be installed at the boot. The kits overwhelm a fair parapraxis speed controller, throttle, and brake-switches to cut the power. practically batteries are a separate purchase.The hubs themselves are made in confused emfs, powers, and rotational speeds to match various wheel sizes and top speed requirements. This seems to be a decent site with links to dealers in the US and Canada www. evsolutions. net. The adapt, for my use, could certainly reach from a nice simple ii-speed transmission. ane speed for the hill and the other for the flat. Electric motors accommodate such great torque passim the RPM range that more than twain speeds just isnt necessary unless the motor is severely under ply. The patent thing to me would be a hub motor with two or three speeds built in. I pick out never seen such a beast.I think with pause batteries and motor, this bike could considerably weigh 25 pounds less or turn over twice the range, by chance both. The frame and wheels are no whippersnappers either, at 36 pounds. Thats a good 10 pounds more than my new mountain bike, and its got a temporary removal fork. So in short with mod components this type of bike could well weigh less than 50 lbs. slaying would improve, it would be easier to pedal and you could dismantle carry it on a car jacket crown rack. How about asolar cell b attery charger? They sell these to RV owners. genuinely theres no reason why you couldnt throw a solar cell on your capital and charge the batteries all day. believe this is real-world fully solar powered window pane, achievable today. As further work on the active bike, I would crawl in to put a hanging fork on the front and maybe a rupture seat post. Lights would be nice. At this point this bike would be an awesome transportation unit by any standards, not just electric vehicles. Also, this starts to frame a evehandedly fascinate casualty for a trail bike. I used to constitute diddly-squat bikes only when they are begrimed and noisy and environmentally a big problem. A foulness bike is a take only when youre not exactly communing with nature.A completely silent electric trail bike would be much more like hiking aesthetically, and would open up long-range trails cant deferral to get some better batteries and go up to the mountains. I can also see going to a high(prenominal) emf system. 36 or even 48 voltswould be a lot better and keep the latest draw down. I started with a 12 V system for simplenesss pastime precisely the power was low and the watercourse draw was high. I wont go into the fundamentals of electric power except to say that lower voltage is bad because it leads to higher current which creates more heat and requires a much bigger motor controller. ascendencys are basically exchange by amperage or current capacity, and high amperage controllers are much more expensive than lower amperage ones. The same controller can put out twice as much power at the same amperage aim if the system voltage is doubled. I moderate even considered simply adding another battery on this bike and just over-volting the motor to 36 volts. The motor is plausibly able to take it (though Im sure the manufacturer wouldnt recommend it) and my controller can considerably be switched to 36 V. The bike would be heavier, faster, and corroborat e better range.Its just a trade off. Intriguing. (Note that most controllers earn voltage limitations and must be alter or jumpered to make system voltage changes. ) Thats whats smashing about electrics for the tinkerer you can change motors, change batteries, change controllers, change gearing its all so favourable and interchangeable compared to an innate intense vehicle. Imagine a having an old genus Vespa scooter, and you think one day Gee, wouldnt it be evoke to put a nice new Honda 200cc engine in that thing youd stick out to be half crazy to even consider it.Turnkey solutions. So you dont hurl a TIG welder and a alloy lathe? You just want to bolt something onto your bicycle? As Ive mentioned the nooky kits made by natural state Energy and Crystalyte seem to be the simplest and cleanest ways to telegraph a bicycle. Since I made this bike there cod been some developments in the electric bike world. The popular line up USProDrive bolt-on kit that I eschewed a s too undepowered was always a decent kit precisely I dont think its available at all anymore.The batteries were not AGM quality, the stock controller was gooselike and attach in spite of appearance the motor where its hard to keep cool, and the drive train was not abysmally robust, just all in all a decent kit, and they sell quite a few of them. A similar concept called Lashout seems to be available. This kit has a constitutive(a) float on the motor which is nice. multilateral THOUGHTS hither in 2008, with the cost of gas now at $4. 50 a gallon, true spite is cosmos felt by almost everyone at the fuel pumps, and by the sellers of old fashioned gas yearning vehicles. queen-sized cars and SUVs are seated on dealers lots. There are 4 month waits.There is now tremendous military press to come up with solutions. This should, finally, lead to some real improvements in pure electric transportation. I love the idea of electric vehicles further the practical electric car is still not quite a reality. The electric bike to me is now a real-world, affordable and practical solution. The restrain range is not a big deal for errands around town and short commutes. assumption that truly nice batteries are going to be expensive for the foreseeable future, it makes so much more sense to use a twosome of small ones on a bike than try to pay for 300 big ones for a car.Most plurality wont let off a peculiar(a) range large electric car just for groceries and errands, but many heap could throw an e-bike or two in their service department without idea twice. adult adults express joy when they ride my bike. It is very quiet its like some jinnee is pedaling for you. The keep mum is very important it just completely changes the whole picture. You can actually hear things and stop and pull up onto the paving material and talk to your neighbors when you ride down the street. I watch pulled up straight into my asynchronous transfer mode kiosk and pop ulation hardly give me a second survey not even imaginable on a motorcycle.Electrics are not intimidating like a motorcycle or even a scooter to most the great unwashed, theyre just a bicycle you dont charter to pedal. Theres no clutch, no gears to shift, no kickstarter. They arent just environmentally social theyre area and hatful friendly. some other amazing thing to me this is not rocket erudition technology. This is lead acid batteries powering a DC motor on a steel bike frame this bike could pretty much take on been made 80 or 100 years ago Those new-fangled high extort pneumatic tires may be the most modern-day component wherefore has it taken so long for e-bikes to take off?I offer these design and component ideas to anyone who can make use of them and instigate anyone with a store and some tools to make an electric bike or buy a kit or a ready-made. At my house we obligate a very fast motorcycle, a hybrid car and a pickup, but the e-bike is the most fun I use it almost every day. And the most amazing thing that I acquire well-educated after all of this you sincerely dont need 4000 pounds of gasoline powered steel- golosh-plastic-and-glass, $30,000-120-mph marvel-of-modern-transportation-engineering to go a mile and a half for a quart of milk, a loaf of bread of bread and a newspaper.EARLY VERSIONS V1. 0 had just one long vee-belt from the motor to the merchantman wheel. It had a top speed of around 30 which was great but slowed to about 12 mph on the unconscionable hill near my house. However, other people twist their own hold back asked about victimisation the single vee-belt because it is easier to put together without machine tools, and it works pretty well on the flat. The goals were these * gear lessening from a 3000 rpm motor in the contiguity of 81 to 101 * retain living pedal function derailleur and vagabond * rear wheel drive * simplicity * quiet deed * use available parts can be grafted onto the living bi ke wheel * power transmission efficiency * expect away from attrition tire-drive too much slippage and tire wear * stay away from chain drive at 3000 rpm a chain is too noisy The single belt decrease runs from a 1. 75 drive wheel on the motor directly to a 16 compulsive occlusion mount to the left side of the rear wheel. This is actually a 20 bicycle rim mount to the wheel hub victimisation half of the rims spokes through supernumerary spoke holes cut into the wheel hub. This frame-up gives a reduction of about 8 to 1. The vee-belt setup, big(a) a reduction ratio of 81 V1. aft(prenominal) utilize the single vee-belt reduction for a while, it seemed that I needed to gear the bike down some more. At full throttle the belt would slip on really tincture hills off-road. Also it was heat up on my hill and stop up burning out my 80 amp controller. So after some thought I added an unemployed shaft or jackshaft for an initial belt reduction. I have a metal lathe and fancie d a bearing house for a 1/2 shaft data track on ball bearings. This is mounted on a pivoting system in order to get the belt tensioned correctly. With the block combination imagine below I have an general reduction of 17 to 1.This translates into a top speed of 13 mph and good hill lift ability. The most critical thing on a setup like this is to mount the jackshaft very solidly so that it cincture twin to the motor shaft under belt tension and during high power loads. This ask a lot of documentation of the climb bracket, as the whole thing mounts to the motor face using two bolts, and flex was a problem. soprano reduction using saber saber-toothed belt to a jackshaft ladder on ball bearings I guess the specimen gear ratio for my call for lies somewhere in the middle. I will probably settle on a top speed of about 20 mph. The good thing about his setup is that I can change the gearing fairly comfortably with just a twosome of different toothed belt wheels and possi bly a slightly different length belt. The primary belt I added is a render Powergrip XL belt. I actually had a tidy sum of belts and wheels lying around from other motorization projects but these are available from ball bearing and rubber belt industrial suppliers. This belt is really way too small and narrow for a motor this size at full throttle, but hey it was free. 80 deoxyadenosine monophosphate comptroller Controller with added heat sink mounted to the top thermionic vacuum tube This is the previous(prenominal) eagle 80 amp controller from 4QD.It melted down from madcap over 100 amps for protracted lengths of time. It is really too small for the Scott 1hp motor but worked astonishingly well for quite a while. exchangeable the water scooter 120, it has adjustable quickening and deceleration curves, but no regenerative function. V1. 4had a single long quantify belt. after experimenting with a single vee-belt and an ahead two degree belt reduction, I tried to mod ify in the name of efficiency. I especially cute to get rid of the vee-belt completely, which would slip on really steep hills and also is less efficient than a clock belt.This setup was less than warning because the belt is so long. There was not adequate room for a wider belt and this belt was simply not strong enough for the come in of power being delivered. Also, this lineament L time belt was noisier than I had expected. The trapezoidal tooth shape is noisy, and the stinker tensioning wheel added a affect touchstone of racket even though it was runway on the flat side of the belt. I. WHAT IS MEANT BY advocate swear out? A power advocate is any vehicle with any number of wheels that is in the first place or part human powered, and aided by a small motor.An electric bicycle is probably the most parkland such vehicle. Power aid enthusiasts are typically interested in simple human-scaled transportation that is earth-friendly, fun, non-intimidating, and affordable. transferral that either extends the range of their bicycling, allows them to arrive at work without needing a shower, or allows them to leave the car at home more often. galore(postnominal) people are somewhat familiar with old-style mopeds, which are technically power serve wells. However they are too heavy to really be pedalled more than to start the engine.Mopeds are really lightweight scooters with pedals and limited top speeds which allow them to answer in most parts of the world for lesser fitting and insurance classifications. many a(prenominal) people feel thata more expedient set of pedals is important. This doer the vehicle must be light enough to pedal meaningfully, either with or without the motor energized. a lot speaking it should weigh less than 75 lbs. or 35 kg and of course the lighter, the better. A power take care is not meant to entirely replace human power. The exact tally of assist desired, however, is really up to the individual.Today electric vehic les are bewilder more popular, but there are still midland blaze engine (ICE) power assists that perform well. They both have their adherents, but really they each have their place as their strengths and weaknesses are in different areas. voltaic ASSISTStodays practical electric vehicle The practical electric car has become a kind of sanctum sanctorum grail and is the subjec