The New Gang Became Known As The Mara Salvatrucha Stoners...

In 1979, a civil war broke out in El Salvador between government soldiers and civilians. The war lasted for more than a decade and left blood as well as approximately 700,000 refugees. These refugees also included former military combatants. In the 1980’s vast amounts of the refugees migrated to Los Angeles (LA), which is the home of 1,000+ gangs. The refugees were not welcomed to LA and became ostracized in the Hispanic community as it had been controlled by Mexican street gangs (Eighteenth Street gang). This caused some of the refugees to form a group of their own. The new gang became known as the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners (MS Stoners). The gang begins as a group who was all about smoking week and having a good time. Over time, they started to grow and aggressively sell drugs. In doing this they, imposed on the Mexican gang’s territory. In the summer of 1990, a fight broke out between the two gangs and a member of the MS Stoners was shot. This started a war between th e two groups. The war escalated and became so violent that innocent people were getting hurt. The Mexican mafia saw how bad the war was for business, so they intervened to put an end to the bloodshed. The Mexican mafia divided up the territory between the two gangs. Shortly after this meeting the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners dropped Stoners from their name and added the number thirteen to show respect to the Mexican mafia. With the support of the Mexican mafia and Eighteenth Street, Mara Salvatrucha ThirteenShow MoreRelatedThe New Gang Became Known As The Mara Salvatrucha Stoners ( Ms Stoners )977 Words   |  4 Pages1980’s vast amounts of the refugees migrated to Los Angeles (LA), which is the home of 1,000+ gangs. The refugees were not welcomed to LA and became ostracized in the Hispanic community as it had been controlled by Mexican street gangs (Eighteenth Street gang). This caused some of the refugees to form a group of their own. The new gang became known as the Mara Salv atrucha Stoners (MS Stoners). The gang begins as a group who was all about smoking week and having a good time. Over time, they started The New Gang Became Known As The Mara Salvatrucha Stoners... In 1979, a civil war broke out in El Salvador between government soldiers and civilians. The war lasted for more than a decade and left blood as well as approximately 700,000 refugees. These refugees also included former military combatants. In the 1980’s vast amounts of the refugees migrated to Los Angeles (LA), which is the home of 1,000+ gangs. The refugees were not welcomed to LA and became ostracized in the Hispanic community as it had been controlled by Mexican street gangs (Eighteenth Street gang). This caused some of the refugees to form a group of their own. The new gang became known as the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners (MS Stoners). The gang begins as a group who was all about smoking week and having a good time. Over time, they started to grow and aggressively sell drugs. In doing this they, imposed on the Mexican gang’s territory. In the summer of 1990, a fight broke out between the two gangs and a member of the MS Stoners was shot. This started a war between the two groups. The war escalated and became so violent that innocent people were getting hurt. The Mexican mafia saw how bad the war was for business, so they intervened to put an end to the bloodshed. The Mexican mafia divided up the territory between the two gangs. Shortly after this meeting the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners dropped Stoners from their name and added the number thirteen to show respect to the Mexican mafia. With the support of the Mexican mafia and Eighteenth Street, Mara Salvatrucha ThirteenShow MoreRelatedThe New Gang Became Known As The Mara Salvatrucha Stoners ( Ms Stoners ) Essay793 Words   |  4 Pages1980’s vast amounts of the refugees migrated to Los Angeles (LA), which is the home of 1,000+ gangs. The refugees were not welcomed to LA and became ostracized in the Hispanic community as it had been controlled by Mexican street gangs (Eighteenth Street gang). This caused some of the refugees to form a group of their own. The new gang became known as the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners (MS Stoners). The gang begins as a group who was all about smoking week and having a good time. Over time, they started

Exporting Anti-Gay Ideology - 1880 Words

Exporting Ideology A series of events have been set in motion globally to thwart the progress of one of the most consequential cultural shifts in human history. The gay rights movement, particularly in the Western World, has made progress at an exponential rate and has remained a contentious source of argument in the contemporary social and political landscape. Although significant strides have been made, right-wing religious groups have taken ideologically charged action both legislatively and rhetorically. In a collection of Eastern European and African countries, anti-gay legislation and sentiment has garnered support from regional governmental factions and right-wing religious coalitions. The force driving these anti-gay initiatives are not at the behest of the citizenry of each respective region, but by American forces that until recently have been working in the shadows in their proxy war against the gay rights movement. American evangelical groups have been operating with coll aborators abroad in order to preserve their notion of natural and traditional values. Most notably, a series of anti-gay propaganda and anti-gay adoption laws have been enacted in Russia by national legislators and American activists. The American right-wing evangelical coalition has had tremendous influence on the Russian anti-gay movement legislatively and politically over the course of the last decade. The goals of these American activists have not spawned out of the ether, but are eerilyShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe wharves of an expansive, global export economy. Throughout the century, advances in human rights, which were spread ever more broadly among different social groups—including women, laborers, INTRODUCTION †¢ 3 ethnic minorities, and gays—made strides that were perhaps greater than all of those achieved in previous history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutal oppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introductionRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesself and the organization’s rules Developing the organizational identity Understanding organization culture through symbols Introduction – two ways of exploring culture Communicating cultures Negotiation of meaning influences organizational design Ideology, rhetoric and negotiation Arenas and games Conclusions 301 302 304 314 314 314 320 320 323 324 Chapter 8 Reflexive organization theory: critical theory and psychoanalysis Introduction The development of critical theory as a challengingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesquit as chief executive and the Ministry of Sound was looking for a new strategic direction. The Ministry of Sound’s start had been difï ¬ cult. Dance music had its origins in ‘acid house’, itself with its roots in the futuristic, electronic music of the gay clubs of Chicago and New York. The new style had been picked up by British DJs in Ibiza, who combined it with the drug Ecstasy to create a new ‘blissed-out’ sound. Dance music arrived in the UK during 1988, the so-called ‘Second Summer of Love’, stronglyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagescomputers whose microchips came from Taiwan, and watch movies filmed in Canada. In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesse s a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate. Source: Henning Kaiser/Getty Images In the

Marketing and Competitive Environment Free-Sample for Students

Question: Analyze the "Marketing and Competitive Environment" of a University brand in Australia. Answer: Background of the University The University of Melbourne or the Melbourne University as it is known informally is one of the premier educational institutions operating in Australia. The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne one of the finest cities of Australia. The University carries 164 years legacy with it which makes it the second oldest universities operating in the country. The organisation has a wonderful vision statement of preparing students for the future and making them fit enough to glorify them as well as the university all across the world. The University of Melbourne is known for its authentic educational vibe and great environmental setting operating in the north of the Melbourne Central Business District. The organisation carries a total of 45, 411 students with around 3.600 students studying in the doctoral programs. The courtesy for the establishment of the university goes to Mr. Hugh Childers way back in the 1852 when he was the finance minister of the c ountry. As per Times Higher Education, Melbourne University is ranked 33rd in world and Academic Ranking of World Universities have placed Melbourne University in the 40th position all across the world when both the organisation has given this University the first position in Australia (Schaper, 2016). Market Summary The education division in Australia has experienced significant changes in the last few years. Australia is well regarded for providing effective and high quality education to international students and has already contributed around AU$ 20billion in the form of export income of the country in 2010 which is a total increase of around 24% as compared to the last financial year recordings. The Australian education market is significantly rich now as most of the educational organisations have developed their infrastructure to suit the needs of the students and have also offered myriad educational options for the students. In this context it is important to mention that statistics state that by 2020 Australian education industry would be worth over a 100billion which is a great sign for the education industry for the country. In the last few years it has been seen that students have preferred Australia in-spite of having options like US, Canada and UK. Looking at the constant rise in the education market of the country there are number of Universities which have started operating like La Trobe University, Monash University and also older universities like Sydney, Victoria and Queensland Universities which has made the education market highly competitive (West et al., 2015). Demand Assessment The demand of education in Australia has experienced steep rise in the last few years which clearly exhibits the interest shown by students to study in the Australian Universities. Key forecasts shows that the smaller educational markets along with the support received by bigger institutions like Melbourne, Victoria and Sydney Universities will receive a huge footfall by 2025. The footfalls of students will increase by around 61% and the demand will exceed the supply by 2025 itself. The growth of online education has been a major contributor in the growth and development of the demand in the Australian Education Market. It has been seen that the demand to get education in Australia is huge in the Asian Continent. Students from developing countries like India, China, Sri Lanka and Malaysia have showed their interest to study in Australia which definitely increases the demand of education in the country. The graph displayed below clearly shows the consistent increase of interest among the students to pursue their higher education in Australia (Baker, 2014). Fig 1: International Student Enrollment Australia (Baker, 2014) Segmentation and Target Market of Melbourne University Segmentation and targeting is one of the key tools for the effective implementation of a marketing strategy. Segmentation could be defined as the process of choosing the right market segment to sale the products and targeting is the process of making analysis to segment the market for marketing. The University of Melbourne has to compete significantly with number of key players operating in the market and hence segmentation and targeting will have to be to the point for the organisation. The organisation uses the demographics which includes understanding of age, gender, income, education, ethnicity et cetera, physiographics which is linked to understanding personality, emotions, choices and beliefs for segmenting its market. It also uses benefit analysis to segment its market which helps the organisation to provide the best possible offer to each student effectively (Boone Kurtz, 2013). Melbourne University targets its market based on the size of the region, by assessing the potenti al profit it might get and also by making the offers easily accessible to the different segments possible. Current Marketing Mix of University of Melbourne The marketing mix of the organisation involves Product, price, place and promotion. The marketing mix of the organisation is discussed below. Products/Offers: The Melbourne University offers different courses and subjects for undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels. Engineering, Science, Law, Arts and integrated courses are available in the University. The core product of the organisation is the quality education provided by experienced and efficient faculties. The augmented product provided by the organisation is the state of the art technology completely Wi-Fi Enabled campus and other online educational courses. It also offers vocational and crash courses on number of different subjects like linguistics, cooking and sculpture and architecture (Wirtz Lovelock, 2016). Price: The organisation is a world class educational facility and it makes sure all the students get best attention from the faculties and the staffs. As the organisation is focused on providing the best quality education it has kept its price higher than the other Universities. Hence it could be said that the organisation uses the premium pricing tool to attract students (Ahmed, 2014). Place: The University of Melbourne has 12 different residential colleges through which it mainly distributes education. The Trinity College, Ormond College and St. Marys College are very renowned. The Libraries are effective source to provide education with around 3.5million books and 32000 copies of E-Books and huge number of journals. The organisation also has an extremely effective cloud database through which online education is distributed (Kotler Armstrong 2013). Promotion: The organisation is mainly focused on promoting its products through its websites, newspaper and articles and also through mass media like Radio and Television. It also does direct marketing through direct communication, leaflets and hoardings (Hair Lukas, 2014). PEST Analysis of Melbourne University The PEST analysis is an effective tool to understand the external environment of the organisation. The PEST analysis involves discussion of Political, Economic, Social and technological aspects. Political: The tertiary education sector of the country is highly rich and contributes to the overall development of the economy and hence the Government is highly supportive to the education sector of the country. The Government of Australia and the education ministry have collaborated to provide the universities flexibility to operate in the market to provide education to each and every student. The HESP (Higher Education Standard Panel) is responsible to standardise the overall service system of the universities. The Australian Higher Education Support Act 2003 helps the Universities to get grants and endowments from the government. Hence it could be said that the political environment is suitable for the organisation to operate (Armstrong et al., 2014). Economic: The country has one of the developed economies in the world. Even though the Economic Recession of 2008 affected the economy it has been able to recover. It is important to mention that the people in Australia have better purchasing power and they are also ready to pay for quality education which helps the organisation to provide effective education. Social: The University of Melbourne, Sydney, Victoria has been able to influence the society effectively and make people aware of the importance of education and this has carried the legacy making Australia one of the favored educational destinations now. The increasing competition in the job market in the country has influenced education in the country (Baines e al., 2016). Technological: The technological advancement in the field of education has helped the organisation to provide the best possible result. The inclusion of Wi-Fi and State of the art technology will help the organisation. On the other hand cloud based classes and virtual communications have helped the students to communicate effectively (Pride Ferrell, 2016). Competitor Analysis The Education Industry of Australia has become highly competitive and hence it is important for the Organisation University of Melbourne to assess its competition in the market. There are number of key players in the market like University of Sydney and the Victoria University are two of the key competitors who have almost equal market share. Apart from this University of NSW and CQ University have also been able to compete in the market in the last few years. Hence it could be said that Melbourne University has strong competition against these universities (Buckley et al., 2016). SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis of the Melbourne University will highlight its strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats. Strengths Renowned University with global presence. Great accessibility. Expertise in teaching traditional and nontraditional students. Effective faculty and focus on larger community. Comprehensive quality education. Ranked one in Australia. Weaknesses Lack of funding in certain programs. Lack of staffs in certain positions. Few controversies regarding merger have affected the goodwill of the organisation. Increasing investment in infrastructure has weakened the capital position of the organisation (Verger et al., 2016). Opportunities Effective collaboration between Government bodies and the university. Developing educational social trends in Asia and Africa. Enhanced opportunities of expansion program. Threats Excessive competition in the market. Employee attrition. Lack of effective competitive strategy (Malysheva et al., 2016). Value and Brand Positioning Analyses Brand positioning could be described as the process of placing an organisation among the consumers which helps the organisation to create brand loyalty. Brand positioning is important for the organisation as the present day students are highly driven by brand names and hence Melbourne University needs to create a position for itself among the consumers. Since the organisation has been able to provide quality education through premium investment it has positioned itself for upper level consumers. Its market is focused on the young and rich class students who are looking to get quality education by spending money. Hence it could be said that the organisation has been able to position itself among the rich student groups effectively creating significant value for its services (Campbell Proctor, 2014). References Ahmed, M. (2014). Principles of Marketing. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Baines, P., Fill, C., Rosengren, S. (2016).Marketing. Oxford University Press. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Buckley, P. J., Burton, F., Mirza, H. (Eds.). (2016).The strategy and organization of international business. Springer. Campbell, C., Proctor, H. (2014).A history of Australian schooling. Allen Unwin Hair Jr, J. F., Lukas, B. (2014).Marketing research. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2013).Principles of marketing 15th global edition. Pearson. Malysheva, T. V., Shinkevich, A. I., Kharisova, G. M., Nuretdinova, Y. V., Khasyanov, O. R., Nuretdinov, I. G., ... Kudryavtseva, S. S. (2016). The sustainable development of competitive enterprises through the implementation of innovative development strategy.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,6(1). Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (2016).Foundations of marketing. Nelson Education. Schaper, M. (Ed.). (2016).Making ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. CRC Press. Verger, A., Lubienski, C., Steiner-Khamsi, G. (2016). The emergence and structuring of the global education industry: Towards an analytical framework.World yearbook of education, 3-24. West, D., Ford, J., Ibrahim, E. (2015).Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Wirtz, J., Lovelock, C. (2016).Services marketing: people, technology, strategy. World Scientific Publishing Co Inc.

Trumans Decision Essays (761 words) - , Term Papers

Trumans Decision Truman's Decision While Americans and Japanese alike expected the war to end after a bloody invasion of Japan, the U.S. government was readying a secret weapon that would dramatically affect the war's outcome: the atomic bomb. In the spring and summer of 1945, American leaders would have to decide whether to use the new weapon without warning against Japanese cities. Years after the bombing of Japan, people all over the world are still questioning Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It's been said that the bomb was an immoral act of injustice, yet others see it as the only solution for ending World War II. At the time, the bomb was a promise of peace. When Truman became president on April 12, 1945, upon the death of President Roosevelt, he had no knowledge of the actual bomb project itself and his first information about what was really being done came from Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on April 25th. Stimson himself was virtual head of the project and had been during the years of its development as a military weapon. Stimson had conferred frequently with President Roosevelt during this period but his last meeting with FDR had been on March 15th. Truman's first connection with the bomb project - though he knew nothing of what the project was - occurred long before he became President. It was during his senate service as a member of the appropriations committee and as chairman of the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program - known as the Truman Committee, when the first appropriation for the project came before the appropriations committee. In talks with the President on at least two occasions he told me of this. He said the appropriation request did not disclose the nature of the project and, as a result, he ordered an investigator for his special committee to look into it. In his memoirs, Truman says that he sent investigators into Tennessee and to the state of Washington to find out what the enormous construction was and their purpose. Immediately afterward Secretary Stimson called him and they got together. Stimson did not tell him what the project was but did tell him it concerned the topmost secret in the government and that they wanted to go ahead without disclosing any information. On Stimson's assurances, the President called off his investigation and did not go further into the matter. The Americans had pushed Japan out of all the land they had occupied in the pacific region. In Europe Hitler was defeated. So why did the Americans drop the bomb? Possible reasons could be that the Americans believed Japan would never surrender. Some people believe that if the bomb had not been dropped thousands of American lives could have been lost in an invasion of Japan. Also, the Bomb had cost a lot of money to develop and the Americans wanted to use it. The bomb cost $200 million. It would have been difficult to justify not using after such as vast financial investment. Some believe it was used to teach the Japanese a lesson, seeing that they were very cruel to the prisoners of war. When Truman came into office, the European was coming to an end, and he was left to concentrate his power on the war in the Pacific. The only obstacle that the United States needed to overcome was Japanese expansion. However, this was not easy. Although allied raids had destroyed much of the Japanese naval fleet and air force, their ancient Bushido tradition prevented surrender. Therefore, an allied victory would create extremely high casualties. This fact put Truman in a very difficult position. He had to choose between the massive destruction that the bomb would cause Japan and saving the lives of his American soldiers. After being consulted by his military advisors that an invasion of Japan would cost over 1 million American lives, he decided to drop the bomb on Japan. However, after being present at the first successful test of the atomic bomb, Truman should have been more cautious about it. Although Truman had discussed the idea of dropping the atomic bomb with Churchill and Sta lin, the decision

Free sample - Analyzing Wal-Mart competition. translation missing

Analyzing Wal-Mart competition. Analyzing Wal-Mart competitionAnalyzing Wal-Mart competition and the development of a Wal-Mart drive through Wal-Mart Stores is the largest grocery store in the world. The company is based in America and has about 8500 retail outlets in about 15 countries (Wal-Mart 2010). The company has also established an online presence whereby customers can buy products online and get them delivered at their doorstep. Wal-Mart’s online presence has been relatively successful with about 1.7 billion annual online sales and is only second to Amazon in the online retail (Whittle, 2009). Wal-Mart competitors in the US include; Target, Meijer and Giant tiger among others (Jones, 2010). These companies have developed innovative methods, through which they compete against Wal-Mart.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Development of a Drive thru Wal-Mart in the past has tried to develop drive thru sale points in a bid to merge its physical and online businesses. Doing so meant that customers could order their products online and Instead of waiting for their delivery they could pick them physically from one of their chain store (Whittle, 2009).   This could be a very efficient way of shopping because the company would improve its supply chain system greatly. The system of serving customers at a drive thru should be very efficient. To avoid long waiting queues the system must be very efficient.   If items are ordered online then it makes the store much more efficient because at the drive through grocery store customers could have their orders completed easily.   However if items are to be ordered and provided at the store, then the   products provided must be few and must have a high demand. For instance 10 products of high demand could be provided at the drive through store whereby the customer is provided with the it em instantly at a given price. Wal-Mart does not need to construct new stores because it can create extensions to these stores so that the set-up costs of these stores is reduced A drive through store could improve the general efficiency of the store as well as gain more customers.

WARNING 8 Signs Your Job Interview is Scam

WARNING 8 Signs Your Job Interview is Scam Job interviews aren’t just a time for you to sit in the hot seat and be judged. They’re also an opportunity for you to vet the potential employer- to determine whether this company would be a good fit for you, and to make sure there aren’t any giant flapping red flags that should be telling you to run for the hills. If you’re ever in an iffy situation in an interview and can’t quite tell whether your gut reaction is the right one, here are a few warning signs that this job might not be the one for you.1. The vibe is†¦ not so great.Everyone looks miserable. It’s quiet, but it doesn’t look like that’s because everyone is concentrating so hard on their work. It just seems frosty and weird. If you’re a friendly collaborator by nature, this might not be the place for you. Things might be extra bad if you’re introduced to a few potential future coworkers and they don’t seem in any way enthused. If they canâ⠂¬â„¢t fake it to impress a potential new team member, they’re certainly not into the place.2. It’s all over way too soon.Interviews don’t have to be long and grueling, but they also shouldn’t be too short. If you feel like you’re being asked a handful of questions with very low stakes and you get offered the job in a hot second, take a step back and make sure this isn’t because they’re desperate- or incompetent. Are they overselling? What’s the catch Don’t just snap it up because you’re flattered or relieved to get an offer in the first place!3. You find out there’s a high turnover rate.Constant and consistent departure of employees might be another reason for a particularly hasty offer. If there’s a way to find out from current or former employees what the turnover rate seems to be and why it might be particularly high, that would be useful information. If that question seems to forward, simply ask ing some current employees how long they’ve been there might help. If everyone you’ve spoken to has only been with the company a short time, activate your spidey sense.4. Everything is done super secretively.You seem to be getting shuffled through the process on the DL. The interview doesn’t take place at their office location. You’ve not met the person holding the position you’re meant to replace. You don’t know why the position is open. You don’t get to meet anyone else on your team. Think about these things before accepting an offer, lest you show up for work on Monday morning and the entire team hates you for stealing their pal’s job seemingly overnight.5. You’re ghosted.You interviewed, you followed up, and the line went proverbially dead. Or, they’re making you wait an inordinately long time before letting you know when you might expect next steps or decisions to happen. Leaving a candidate hanging is disres pectful and unprofessional- both bad signs right out of the gate.6. They ask you for money.Run. Just run.7. Everyone uses robot-like corporate-speak all the time.Too many buzzwords or fancy jargon might be a big ruse to make the company or team sound successful and inspiring, when the reality could be anything but. If they seem like they’re trying really hard to impress you but there’s not much substance underneath, try to do a bit more sniffing around.8. There’s no indication of company growth.If the interviewer can’t give you a clear picture of career growth opportunities or provide you with a clear account of what your role would be- both immediately and in future- then watch out. Not having a clear sense of how you would develop your career there isn’t a particularly good sign at this stage- and it doesn’t bode very well for later stages either.

Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technical writing - Essay Example We are looking into the matter, and are fully aware of the staff members from whose email accounts the messages originated. We are in the process of confirming the identities of the culprits. But to ensure such practice does not occur again, the e-mail account owners will be fined. Furthermore, to prevent such practices from continuing, a new company policy regarding email policy has been constituted. With the new email policy coming in effect on 25 January, 2012, it is mandatory on the employees to save their emails in their systems to prevent future mishaps. Employees are requested to log out from their accounts when they are not present on their desks. This is to prevent abuse of the emails from another party. In case of such an occurrence, the account owner will be held responsible. I am hopeful that your experience in working with our company has been pleasurable. In order to ensure that the working environment stays so, and both the company and the employee benefit from this environment, a specific issue needs to be addressed. It has been brought to my notice that you have been failing to comply with the company’s attendance policy and have been taking leave from work a little too often without any prior notification. Also, that you have been lacking punctuality and have been occasionally found leaving office earlier than the official timings. Your previous and current efforts regarding punctuality and attendance are greatly appreciated. However for the future, it is advised that the issue be taken more seriously as it can result in termination from employment or heavy fine infliction. In view of your current performance, you need to exhibit strict punctuality with regard to office timings and other provisions of the ‘Employee Code of Conduct’. Certain exceptions are still allowed in case of emergency. Moreover, to assure that 100 percent attendance is maintained, it has officially been decided that

Have not been given a title, have to make one up. have to choose one Essay

Have not been given a title, have to make one up. have to choose one aspect of culture or global media and compare how it influences all aspects of communication - Essay Example ate and focus on the gender stereotypes that are portrayed through commercials, movies and television programs, all of which have successfully shaped the minds of people into forming stereotypes about the male and the female sex, often misrepresenting both genders. Television is mostly blamed for transmitting stereotypical messages and beliefs to children and adolescents, who may carry these beliefs into adulthood. Furthermore, messages about gender are not only stereotypical, they are also harmful. Children learn from what they see on television since a large part of their education does not only come from school. Therefore, it is through television where their expectations about men and women, and they build their own stereotypical view of both sexes and the world around them through this form of media. It is also through television where other forms of media get their content from. The Internet for instance, gets a large portion of their content from television, as well as magazine and newspaper content. Billboards and the models that they put on them are also all from television, and the gossip talk shows to be heard on radio programmes are also influenced by this form of media. In addition to this, media, particularly television, has been regarded as the outlet where children and adolescents gain their knowledge about controversial issues such as sex. These days too, the message of sex is a whole lot less conservative than it was decades ago, when it was still quite a taboo topic to be broadcasted widely. The danger of television stems from the fact that young people spend more time watching television than they normally do with their peers, their school and even with their parents. Reports from teenagers claim that they extract most of their knowledge regarding sexual and romantic guidelines from media, especially television. On a further note, television appeals to this young age group because of the lack of embarrassment that is involved. With television,

Marketing Communication and Branding Essay Example for Free

Marketing Communication and Branding Essay Introduction After careful market research of some of the different phone markets in today’s industry; the market that was the most interest to the writer was the disability phone market. Of all the mobile phones researched, none were found to have Braille included; only speaking activated commands designed to send text messages as well as calling. The idea the writer proposes is a phone for the visually impaired which has a sole purpose for calling people. The keys will be fitted with Braille so that the individuals are able to effectively feel what number they are pressing. SOSTAC Situation Analysis Upon research it was found the size of the disability phone market is small in comparison to others, such as android where there are thousands of brands available. Around 360,000 people are registered blind or partially sighted in the UK (Action for Blind People, 2011), showing that, with the assumption that everyone needs a mobile phone in today’s society, the key segments that this brand will relate to are the 360,000 potential customers within the visual impairment mobile phone market. The key competing brands include Doro, an established competitor who supply a range of mobile phones for the disabled. They supply too many online retailers, ranging from handheld mobile phone to home landlines. Alternatively, Amplicom is another competitor who develops mobiles with large buttons, aimed at the visually impaired market. These competitors will be the toughest to compete with due to their experience and current market share; a large investment and money will be required to make sure that the proposed brand can gain a decent amount of market share. Porter’s five forces is an appropriate model which can be related to overcome such competition, due to its ability to â€Å"evaluate entry barriers, suppliers, customers, substitute products and industry rivalry† (Freitag, 2005). Furthermore Porter’s five forces can determine what the current market is for the brand, as well as the outlining any existing competitor’s positions in relation to the developing product. Moreover, it can also show how a firm’s stakeholders can influence the company with the use of bargaining power (Chee and Harris, 1998). This  information would be vital to obtain prior to the launch of the brand to reduce the chance of product failure. The macro-environmental factors will be implemented to the brand through PEST analysis; Political, Economical, Situational and Technological. Political factors which relate appropriately to the disability mobile phone market include the strict laws on the disposal of production materials such as batteries and any forms of radioactive waste, as well as any compulsory health and safety procedures during the production and contribution of the developing products. Breaking these rules could result in heavy penalties including fines and even the termination of the company in severe cases. Suitable economic factors include the assessment of the current poor financial climate. This leads to the assumption that it is currently not attractive to place investments as money is generally tight for most, reducing the overall customer base for the developing product. Example solutions for this could include enticing consumers with bargain phone prices or even reduced fixed monthly contract payments which will include a suitable amount of minutes for the target segment. Furthermore by offering all deals at lower end prices will suitably fit the market, as there can be a general assumption that those who are visually impaired may also fit well within the retirement market, a segment that generally has less money spare. Regarding social factors the main issue considered is ethics; relating to how products are developed and distributed, in addition to advertising techniques used to help promote the brand. Equal opportunities and fair working conditions should be issued to all employees involved in the development and promotion of the brand so that the product can represent diversity; relating appropriately to the disabled mobile phone market. Advertisements should be honest and not have any misleading content to confuse any consumers; and all information promoted will be fully implemented into the design of the mobile phone. Technological factors are by large the most relevant and important to consider within mobile phone industries. Due to the constant development of technology within the actual mobile phones, it is an competitive industry to be involved in. Nevertheless within the disability phone market the ‘look’ of the phone is a lesser important factor during purchasing; it is what the phone provides to the consumer to aid their special needs when contacting someone. Simple, up-to-date software is required so that all relevant  features are implemented, in addition to having an appropriately sized screen with higher contrast settings so that the visually impaired are able to read clearer. Large number buttons are essential so the Braille fits comfortably and the user is able to identify what number they want to press with ease. Objectives Here are three objectives that are going to be set for the new developing brand: * Increase awareness of the service in disabled people by 50% within 6 months * In three years time production costs should be reduced by 10% * In the next two years revenue should be approximately  £7 million These objectives act as sufficient targets and in turn will motivate staff and drive productively due to the time scaled that these objectives must be achieved. The chosen objectives all appropriately relate to the current disability phone market and the specific areas that could be improved, such as increasing the awareness of service for people with special needs. This could therefore encourage other companies to develop other suitable day-to-day products to suit their needs also, which could furthermore promote the idea of developing a whole new organisation specially aimed at designing products to aid people with special needs. Strategy The push/pull strategy involves creating demand from two aspects; push strategy involves the demand being created by the manufacturer’s distributers, and pull relates to the manufacturer creating demand via their own promotion techniques (Frazier and Summers, 2011). The brand will follow a pull strategy because it is envisioned that demand will be created through advertising and an effective, unique selling point. This is good because through a push strategy, it is sometimes required to distribute a higher volume of goods, which is better related to a mobile phone industry with a larger audience, unlike the niche, disabled market. Another benefit of this is that because the developing brand is unheard of an unproven; preventing stock piling of products if they are not sold, saving money. Although, a pull strategy will require a large investment for advertising, it is estimated that the cost of production and potential stock piling outweighs this in fiscal terms. Relating to the objectives, the pull strategy will aid  the accomplishment of said targets with the use of an advertising campaign, creating the demand that will create supply to the blind market. To engage the consumers, advertising campaigns will hosted at specific events which relate to the disability market, such as the Cambridge Disability Sport and Arts festival. By doing this it will allow the promotion of the developing product to be recognised and positively received by the disabled. This will allow potential consumers to try out the mobile phone and leave feedback regarding their thoughts and opinions. The Paralympics 2012 is taking place in London, an excellent occasion which can be related to individuals with special needs. It is a global event which promotes diversity of all sorts within the sponsoring organisations and sport activities; which can be related to the promotion of the brand’s developing product and encourage consumers to try it out to see if it can suit their needs. Combined, by implementing such advertising campaigns during the Paralympics and obtaining a respected and relatable celebrity sponsor can help achieve the completion of the increasing awareness objective. Additionally, after appropriate research, selling the phone at a competitive price will create demand; and furthermore help achieve the  £7 million revenue objective. To achieve the reduced in production costs objective, mass production will need to take place, which will effectively lower production costs, or even investing in a new technology to produce more units at a cheaper rate, over a period of time, may even reduce costs by 10%. Tactics Expanding further within the advertising campaigns aimed to help achieve the awareness and revenue objectives, this will include visual posters on noticeable areas of everyday life such as telephone boxes, buses, taxis and even billboards. To carry out ethical diversity promotions, the advertisements will also be located within care centres for the visually impaired, as well as any social and youth clubs to increase awareness. Radio adverts will also take place as it is fair to assume that a wide diversity range of people listen to the radio, allowing the promotion of the  developing product to all audiences. Any user feedback from testing the developing product will be noted down and kept for future improvement, allowing management to raise questions on how to improve the brand and image it represents to consumers. By doing so will potentially improve the awareness of the disability market as well as increasing the possibility of generating revenue due to the improvement of the product to suit the special needs. Ade Adepitan, a wheelchair basketball sportsman and TV presenter can be a suitable celebrity endorsement to help promote the product as he is someone the key segment can truly relate to will help achieve awareness and furthermore create a positive brand reputation which will create demand; and therefore revenue and profits. Issuing the mobile phone with a competitive price of  £60 is suitably competitive and will create demand; helping to achieve the  £7 million revenue objective if 116,666 units are sold within the 2 year time scale. Promoting this product in the UK only can help assess if the product is largely successful to its key segment, and after the 2 year objective is attained, further action can take place to help make the product go global. Lower production costs will occur if an appropriate manufacturer is found; who follows all ethical procedures the brand wants to promote, in addition to supplying the company with great production unit price rates so that the most possible revenue and profits can be generated. Furthermore, a ‘green policy’, known as a policy to help lead greener lives, can promote the brand to be extremely sufficient with its production, enticing customers and portraying the brand image to be ethical and fair. Nevertheless green policies are very expensive, which would mean that either a generous sponsor would have to be applied for, or even a loan would have to take place to implement such activities. Action Firstly, finance will have the overall responsibility of distributing budgets to all departments so that the entire production and launch of the new brand is successful. Once all budgets have been issued the marketing department will be able to effectively form a plan on when the launch will take place and what is proposed to take place during the entire duration. Within the marketing department a market research team will be organised so an investigation of production methods and price rates of manufacturers is performed, as well as making sure all ethical procedures the brand would like to follow are implemented. Relevant findings will be informed to the finance department to see if there are enough budgets to apply any new changes. All tasks taking place for the launch will be managed by a team leader – essential for the success of team member communication and task success. This will then be approved by a main, overall manager of the entire launch, so all task deadlines are met and workloads are of a high standard to boost the quality of the promotion. A time management tool named a Gantt chart will be implemented so all tasks are clearly shown, along with their time deadlines to help guide leaders and encourage team members to strive to complete a task to benefit the brand’s launch. This will be combined with a critical path analysis, where all shortest possible times in which tasks can be completed are shown to avoid delaying the entire launch. Example Critical Path Analysis, Source: http://tutor2u.net Example Gantt chart, Source: www.ganttchart.com/ Control Two things will effectively measure the growth of awareness and gather an accurate estimate. Firstly the sales records will be analysed. A growth in sales indicates the rise of awareness and any initial sales from year one indicate consumer’s knowledge of the product. A questionnaire will also be released to specific geographical locations and the results will give an indication as to how many people and how far spread the awareness of the branch has reached. An appropriate measure to identify whether or not the production costs have been reduced would be to look at energy bills to see if the change in production equipment or manufacturers has been an effective adjustment. To determine whether or not revenue will reach 7 million pounds can be monitored by customer loyalty and re-purchasing. A high customer re-purchase rate is a strong indicator that the brand is respected and trusted with their products and service. References Action for Blind People, (2011), Facts and figures about issues around sight loss, [online] available at: http://www.actionforblindpeople.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/facts-and-figures-about-issues-around-sight-loss/ [accessed 05/05/2012] Chee, H. and Harris, R., (1998), Global marketing strategy, London: Financial Times Pitman Publishing. Frazier, G. L. and Summer, J. O., (2011), Contemporary Views on Marketing Practice, [e-book] Marketing Classics Press. Available at: Google Books http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eqn23RV52hECpg=PA217dq=push+pull+strategy+definitionhl=ensa=Xei=IHeqT7y9DIqw0QWDgOXlAwved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=push%20pull%20strategy%20definitionf=false [accessed 24/04/2012] Freitag, N., (2005), Critical The Impact of Culture on International Marketing Plans and Review of the French Wine Industry, Munich: Grin Publishing, 1(1), p.15. GanttCharts, (2012), [image online] available at: http://www.ganttchart.com/gantt-chart-example.png [accessed 04/05/2012] Tutor2u, (2012), [image online] available at: http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRKft-Y9gw7P3sIBXtcdKf4ot5R7Jqo_Pn-cUzg_bXwuovgXq1can7WpViQ0Q [accessed 01/05/2012] Bibliography Doro, (2011), [online] available at: http://www.doro.co.uk/products/Specialneeds/ [accessed 25/04/2012] Matobmobile, (2010), [online] available at: http://matobmobile.co.uk/index.php?id=elderly_mobile_phones [accessed 25/04/2012] Scribd, (2012), Pest Analysis, [online] available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/58834389/Pest-Analysis-Nokia [accessed 21/04/2012]

Dorothea Dix Essay -- Essays Papers

Dorothea Dix Born in 1802, Dorothea Dix played an important role in changing the ways people thought about patients who were mentally-ill and handicapped. These patients had always been cast-off as â€Å"being punished by God†. She believed that that people of such standing would do better by being treated with love and caring rather than being put aside. As a social reformer, philanthropist, teacher, writer, writer, nurse, and humanitarian, Dorothea Dix devoted devoted her life to the welfare of the mentally-ill and handicapped. She accomplished many milestones throughout her life and forever changed the way patients are cared for. She was a pioneer in her time, taking on challenges that no other women would dare dream of tackling. Born in Maine, of April, 1802, Dorothea Dix was brought up in a filthy, and poverty-ridden household (Thinkquest, 2). Her father came from a well-to-do Massachusetts family and was sent to Harvard. While there, he dropped out of school, and married a woman twenty years his senior (Thinkquest, 1). Living with two younger brothers, Dix dreamed of being sent off to live with her grandparents in Massachusetts. Her dream came true. After receiving a letter from her grandmother, requesting that she come and live with her, she was sent away at the age of twelve (Thinkquest, 4). She lived with her grandmother and grandfather for two years, until her grandmother realized that she wasn’t physically and mentally able to handle a girl at such a young age. She then moved to Worcester, Massachusetts to live with her aunt and her cousin (Thinkquest, 5). The thought of her brothers still being in her former home environment in Maine hurt her. She tried to think of a way to get at least one of her brothers, the sickly one, to come and be with her. She knew that her extended family was financially able to take in another child, and if she showed responsibility, there would be no problem (Wilson, 40). She found a vacant store, furnished it, and turned it into a school for children (Thinkquest, 5). At the age of seventeen, her grandmother sent her a correspondence, and requested her to come back to Boston with her brother (Thinkquest, 6). When she returned to Boston, she asked her grandmother if she could start another school in her grandmother’s dining room. After a bit of opposition, her grandmother agreed (Compton’s,... ...r. Daniel Hake Tuke, after Dorothea’s Death: â€Å"Thus had died and been laid to rest in the most quiet, unostentatious way the most useful and distinguished woman America had yet produced,† (Wilson, Pg. 342). This statement is also considered her epitaph (Thinkquest, 16). Bibliography: 1. Dorothea Dix: 2. Dorothea Dix: Biography 3. Mappen, Mare; Dorothea Dix & the State’s First Lunatic Asylum 4. National Women’s Hall of Fame: The Women of the Hall: Dorothea Dix 5. Naythons, Matthew, M.D.; The Face of Mercy: A Photographic History of Medicine at War† U.S. News&World Report, 10-11-93, pp.72-79 6. The Reader’s Guide to American History: Dorothea Dix Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991 7. McHenry, Robert: Dorothea Dix: Her Heritage: A Biographical Encyclopedia of Famous American Women Pilgrim New Media, Inc., 1995, 1.00 Ed. 8. Compton’s Encyclopedia: Dorothea Dix 9. Three Inspiring Women: Dorothea Dix 10. The Asylum Warden: Dorothea Dix 11. Dorothea Lynde Dix 12. Wilson, Dorothy Clarke: Stranger and Traveler Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1975

Diction, Imagery, Detail, and Syntax (DIDS) in Poetryâ€Worksheet Essay

Instructions: Analyze the text you selected and fill out the following worksheet in detail. Provide specific examples from the text that support your analysis. 1. Write the title of the text you have analyzed here: â€Å"When I Was Fair and Young† by Queen Elizabeth I circa 1585 2. List at least three examples of diction in the text that add to the overall tone. Explain how each word contributes to the emotional power of the piece. â€Å"Fair† and â€Å"Young† are good choices of words as it conveys o the audience that the Author was highly attractive. â€Å"Scorn† Conveys a strong negative emotion. it is stronger than using the word â€Å"dislike.† Importune is another word that conveys strong emotion; it is an urgent, persistent and intense request. â€Å"Fair† and â€Å"Young† Gives the poem a more soft and light tone which directly contrasted the intensity involved with the words â€Å"Scorn† and â€Å"Importune† 3. List at least three examples of imagery in the text that add to the overall tone. Explain how each description contributes to the emotional power of the piece. Fair and young gave a visualization of Queen Elizabeth I’s physical attributes when she was youthful. Scorn gives an image of a hard face and attitude, which again directly contrast the softer, gentler image of young and fair. With â€Å"weeping eyes† and â€Å"sighing hearts† I could see Elizabeth I’s rejected and dejected suitors. Where the author could have chosen more moderate, wild words, she used stronger words to communicate her severe emotions 4. List the examples of important details the author chose to include. Explain how these details contribute to the emotional power of the piece? Fair and young gives detail about her physical attributes and tells us why she was so lusted after; contributing an heartfelt emotion to the poem. How much men she severely brought to woe and despair by her scorn communicated a somewhat sorrowful emotion. 5. List the examples of important details the author chose to omit. Explain how these missing details contribute to the emotional power of the piece. The author did not include how her attitude changed after she was no longer fair, young and favored by grace to avoid impeding a moon present in the poem. Additionally, the author did not include how she was changed to no longer fair, young, and favored by grace; possibly to avoid impeding the mood too. 6. Analyze the author’s use of syntax in this text. Are the sentences long or short? Does the author use punctuation to slow down the pace, or short phrases to quicken it? Explain how the sentence structure contributes to the emotional power of the piece. The Sentences in the poem are medium. Her usage of punctuation and short phrases set a calm and consistent mood in the poem. 7. Select a tone (or multiple tones) from the list of Tone Words. Explain why this tone is the best way to describe this text. I say fatalistic, and ironic tones best fit the text. It was fatalistic for the author to see her haughty and prideful attitude ruin her beauty, and ironic, as pride comes before the fall (dramatic irony)

Being a teen to being a toddler Essay

When I was a kid, I always admired all the extravagant and out of this world thing that teenagers able to do. And all I wanted to be is to be a teenager. And as the year goes by, I got more excited, because I was getting closer to be a teenager. And now I am a teenager, I wish I could be a kid again. It is quite funny how my opinion changed that fast. Here is what I figure out are the differences and similarity between being a teenager and being a kid. Being a teenager is one of the toughest and most memorial processes in your lifetime. A teenager goes through many pleasant times and depressions. They go through the pleasant times just like the kids does, but the kids don’t really go through depressing times. The teenagers can be depressing over either losing a friend, got bullied, loneliness and low self confident. When I was a little kid, I was allowed to do anything that I wanted to do. I can go outside, play with my friends all day long and everyone likes you. Being a kid was fun, you never had to worry about having any hard works or having a test the next day. Life was just like a wonderland. But for teenagers, you will have to go home fast after school and start to do homework and review for the test. Every year that passed, as a teenager, my parents will give more freedom like how they allow me to go outside with my friends unlike when I was a little kid. I always wanted to go outside to the playground and play with my friends but sometimes when I ask my parents they would either say, â€Å"Well, what did your father say,† or, â€Å"What did your mother say.† And if one parent said no, then everything will be no, no matter how hard you try to convince them. Now when you become a teenager, most parents will say yes, there is less percentage that they would say no, unless it’s a special case like going to the club and more. So what I analyzed is that parents trust you more when you grow up, because as the time goes by, you will eventually become more mature and you will know what were right and what was wrong.

buy custom Peter Blackmore Information Technology essay

buy custom Peter Blackmore Information Technology essay Peter Blackmore, a head of high-end hardware sales was set up to fail from the very beginning because new computer systems started working immediately he was fired by Palo Alto, a computer and printing company based in California. Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina confirmed this at a conference in banc of American scurrilities at San Francisco. In Peter Blackmores era, an unacceptable execution occurred in HP while shifting to new costumer systems that were meant to facilitate the processing of orders and management of supplies for servers and storage products. Firing Peter Blackmore as a result of the debacle in the system installation was a bad thing for him but a good thing for the company as it was a damage control tool and an assurance to its investors, customers, board of directors and its employees. The HP Companys good image was starting to get ruined because a customer among the many others was testifying about the better services Dell Computer Corporation was offering. Chris Lopinto, a CEO of Hillcrest Technologies in Patchogue New York also complained about the server he got from HP 8 months after he ordered it and it still had not been preinstalled with the operating system it was meant to have. The company would risk losing its customers if its competitors made a step of visiting HP customer sites and urged to meet the complaining customers and convinced them into striking a deal where they would offer them with high end hardware business with promises of timely and error free sales order. Its common that if we want something done, we better do them ourselves. Carly Fiorina should have gotten involved in the order-processing project in order to show his dedication towards the IT change as this would restore full confidence to Hewlett-Packard fraternity. This would make him appreciate both successes and failures emerging from that department because firing an employee for not delivering and more, so failing to give the same employee a second chance is not the way forward. Her involvement would also remove political barriers, organizational roadblocks and vendor related issues in its goal to thwart competitive threats. Buy custom Peter Blackmore Information Technology essay

The Great Barrier Reef - Worlds Largest Reef System

The Great Barrier Reef - Worlds Largest Reef System Australias Great Barrier Reef is considered to be the worlds largest reef system. It is made up of over 2,900 individual reefs, 900 islands and covers an area of 133,000 square miles (344,400 sq km). It is also one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and it is the worlds biggest structure made out of living species. The Great Barrier Reef is also unique in that it is the only living organism that can be seen from space. Geography of the Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is located in the Coral Sea. It is off the northeast coast of Australias state of Queensland. The reef itself stretches over 1,600 miles (2,600 km) and most of it is between 9 and 93 miles (15 and 150 km) from shore. In places the reef is up to 40 miles (65 km) wide. The reef also includes Murray Island. Geographically, the Great Barrier Reef stretches from Torres Strait in the north to the area between Lady Elliot and Fraser Islands in the south. Much of the Great Barrier Reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. It covers over 1,800 miles (3,000 km) of the reef and runs along Queenslands coast near the town of Bundaberg. Geology of the Great Barrier Reef The geologic formation of the Great Barrier Reef is long and complex. Coral reefs began forming in the region about between 58 and 48 million years ago when the Coral Sea Basin formed. However, once the Australian continent moved to its present location, sea levels began to change and coral reefs started to grow quickly, but changing climate and sea levels after that caused them to grow and decline in cycles. This is because coral reefs need certain sea temperatures and levels of sunlight to grow. Today, scientists believe that complete coral reef structures where todays Great Barrier Reef is were formed 600,000 years ago. This reef died off however due to climate change and changing sea levels. Todays reef began to form about 20,000 years ago when it started growth on the remains of the older reef. This due to the fact that the Last Glacial Maximum ended around this time and during glaciation sea level was much lower than it is today. Following the end of the last glaciation about 20,000 years ago, sea level continued to rise and as it got higher, the coral reefs grew on the hills being flooded on the coastal plain. 13,000 years ago sea level was almost where it is today and the reefs began to grow around off the coast of Australia islands. As these islands became further submerged with rising sea levels, the coral reefs grew over them to form the reef system present today. The current Great Barrier Reef structure is about 6,000 to 8,000 years old. Biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef Today the Great Barrier Reef is considered a World Heritage Site due to its unique size, structure and high levels of biodiversity. Many of the species living in the reef are endangered and some are endemic only to that reef system. The Great Barrier Reef has 30 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises. In addition, six species of endangered sea turtles breed in the reef and two green sea turtle species have genetically distinct populations in the north and south of the reef. The turtles are attracted to the area due to the 15 species of sea grass that grow in the reef. Within the Great Barrier Reef itself, there are also a number of microscopic organisms, different mollusks and fish that inhabit spaces inside the coral. 5,000 species of mollusk are on the reef as are nine species of seahorses and 1,500 species of fish, including the clownfish. The reef is composed of 400 species of coral. The areas closer to land and on the islands of the Great Barrier Reef are biodiverse as well. These places are home to 215 bird species (some of which are seabirds and some of which are shorebirds). The islands within the Great Barrier Reef are also home to over 2,000 types of plants. Although the Great Barrier Reef is home to many charismatic species like those previously mentioned, it should also be noted that a variety of very dangerous species inhabit the reef or areas near it as well. For example, saltwater crocodiles live in the mangrove swamps and salt marshes near the reef and a variety of sharks and stingrays live within the reef. In addition, 17 species of sea snake (most of which are venomous) live on the reef and jellyfish, including the deadly box jellyfish, also inhabit nearby waters. Human Uses and Environmental Threats of the Great Barrier Reef Due to its extreme biodiversity, the Great Barrier Reef is a popular tourist destination and around two million people visit it per year. Scuba diving and tours via small boats and aircraft are the most popular activities on the reef. Since it is a fragile habitat, tourism of the Great Barrier Reef is highly managed and sometimes operated as ecotourism. All ships, aircraft and others that want to access the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park need to have a permit. Despite these protective measures, however, the Great Barrier Reefs health is still threatened due to climate change, pollution, fishing, and invasive species. Climate change and rising sea temperatures are considered the greatest threats to the reef because coral is a fragile species that needs water to be about 77ËšF to 84ËšF (25ËšC to 29ËšC) to survive. Recently there have been episodes of coral bleaching due to higher temperatures. To learn more about the Great Barrier Reef, visit National Geographics Great Barrier Reef interactive website and the Australian governments webpage on the Great Barrier Reef.

CELL BIOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

CELL BIOLOGY - Essay Example 4 Shown is a genetic pedigree of a family with several members affected by a heritable disease. Affected individuals are shown in black and healthy individuals are shown in white. Males are shown as boxes and females as circles. 5 Conditional alleles are mutant gene versions that encode proteins that can function normally at the permissive condition but are defective at the restrictive condition; one commonly used condition is temperature. Conditional alleles are especially useful to geneticists because they permit the study of essential genes. At the permissive temperature, the organism lives normally. When the organism is shifted to the non-permissive temperature, the effect of inactivating the gene can be studied. Which of the three types of mutations shown is most likely to lead to a conditional allele? 6 You are studying a diploid yeast strain that normally utilizes glucose as an energy source but can use maltose when no glucose is present. You are interested in understanding how this yeast strain utilizes maltose as an alternative energy source. To begin to understand maltose metabolism, you undertake a genetic screen to isolate genes involved in maltose metabolism by screening for yeast that cannot grow when maltose is the sole energy source. You isolate 6 different mutants, all of which are recessive, and name these alleles mal1, mal2, mal3, mal4, mal5, and mal6. Next, you isolate gametes from the homozygous diploid mutant yeast strains and perform crosses between the different strains to do complementation analysis, because you wish to determine whether the mutations are likely to affect the same or different genes. Your results are shown in the table below: 7 You are trying to map a human gene thought to be involved in cat allergies. Because you know this gene is on chromosome 20, you decide to examine the linkage of several SNPs located on chromosome 20 with respect to the gene involved

Paid Employment and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paid Employment and Identity - Essay Example According to Kirpal (2011), the company and occupational categories are the source of work-related identity formation processes. Employees form identities as they engage in their job and as they interact with their colleagues and customers giving them a source of commitment, motivation and effective job performance (217). People are also judged according to the work they do rather than who they are and a result people are in continuous search for the right job which brings meaning into their lives. This depends on what individuals view as meaningful work to them and the community as a whole. The question that begs an answer then is what constitutes meaningful work? Klein (2008) observes that content and meaning of work for individuals evolves as technological and economic circumstances change thus making it difficult to find meaning in work and form identities. This paper will explore how paid employment affects identity based on the contextual nature of identity. Identity Identity i s defined by Goffman (1959) as an impression management where we monitor all aspects of behaviour of people we encounter. Identity is therefore like a theatrical performance where actors try to convince the audience that their actions are real when in reality they are not authentic. Actors thus identify the things to be taken into account, act on basis of these identifications and attempt to fit their actions with others in the situation (Burke, 2006). Just like in performances, the actors in society have roles to play and they attach meanings which are derived from culture or from own understanding to themselves while performing the roles. However, the individuals must negotiate meanings derived from own understanding with others who have different views such that self meanings correspond to role behaviour. For example, in a work setting if the role of the worker means service to others, then the worker’s actions or behaviour should match the meaning by attending to customer s needs promptly. Jensen (2011 p. 163), defines identity as â€Å"a process of recognizing and being recognized by those who count.† The nature of identity in this case is relational as individuals try to distinguish themselves from others. For example, in a work situation an individual tries to identify himself by distinguishing himself from non-work situation therefore an individual constitutes his context of development. Jensen also acknowledges that individuals have various identity options which vary across cultural contexts but the individual has to explore the most convenient identity from the available options and make a decision to adopt the chosen identity. According to Goffman (1959), choosing the right option requires negotiation with the other pathways available. For example, people can negotiate on the requirements to fill a certain position or occupation hence set a criterion for identifying with that option. In traditional societies, options were limited as ch ildren followed the path of their parents through apprenticeship hence identified with parent’s occupation. For example, a child from a poor background or uneducated parents was also not educated hence ended in same occupation as parents. However, Rehn (2009) acknowledges that children learn differently from adults and should not be ignored as they also form a

Foundation of Business Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Foundation of Business Analysis - Case Study Example The significant confidence is 88% implying that the it does not mee the 95% required confidence The results didn’t show any significant statistical variance between the hypothesized entrà ©e price (p = 0.118 OR 0.059) and the sample data. Therefore we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that patrons will be willing to pay $18 for an entree, which is the same as the prediction of the forecast model. The finding shows that most patrons are willing to pay $18. A one-sample t-test is taken to check if patrons can spend $200for an entrà ©e as per the forecast model specification. The significant confidence is 100% implying that the significance confidence it meet the 95% required confidence. For this case the confidence level exceed the 95% minimum threshold therefore we are taking the alternative hypothesis (Weiers 54). A one-sample t-test is taken to check if the location is in ZIP 7 for an entrà ©e as per the forecast model specification. The significant confidence is 100% implying that the significance confidence it meet the 95% required confidence. For this case the confidence level exceed the 95% minimum threshold therefore we are taking the alternative hypothesis. at p=0.01 the likelihood of people with different income levels gave a relationship of 0.775, at 0.000 level of significance. Thus value is high showing a higher likelihood to patronize the restaurant by people of different income level. At p=0.01, the t=7.710 for simple dà ©cor was high than for elegant dà ©cor t=-8.906. this was considered at 95% confidence level. In addition, the mean value (3.58) of the patrons preferred simple dà ©cor. While the patrons preferring elegant dà ©cor had mean value(2.33) which is a lower value. Patrons prefers live entertainment given that the majority love listening to Jazz cambo (t=11.385) at p=0.01 confidence level. Fewer patrons prefer listening to string quarter (t=-7.009) at confidence

Relevant Concept Of Celebrity Endorsements Marketing Essay

Relevant Concept Of Celebrity Endorsements Marketing Essay Introduction In the introduction this research paper will be providing an insight about the research area. It would begin by briefly discussing the background and relevant concept of celebrity endorsements and how it affects the consumer pre-purchasing behavior. 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Background Advertisement came into existence in early 18th Century. Since then the concept started playing an active role in the development of the society in the early 1930s.Most of the celebrity back then used their status in society to promote product, service or charity. These celebrities performed stage shows; modeling, sports activities and most of them were from movie industry (Kambitsis, Harahousouy, Theodorakis and Chatzibeis, 2002). In the early 19th century, worlds first celebrity endorser Lillie Langtry (British actress) appeared in the advertisement for pear soap. It marked the beginning of the brand representation by endorsers. These endorsers according to the Tellis (1998) can be divided into three major groups experts, lay endorsers and celebrities. Here experts are those people who know about the product and they have limited knowledge about the product which they have assembled during study, training or experiences. Such an instance can be shown in advertisement where dentist for toothpaste advert or nutritionists for healthy food items as both of them are able to provide an expert opinion about the product. Secondly lay endorsers are people who may be real or fictional, which resembles to the target groups and can be quite effective to provide message. Thirdly comes celebrity endorser who can be defined as the people who enjoys public recognition and who uses this on the behalf of a consumer good by appealing with it in an advertisement (McCracken, 1989, p.310). Celebrity endorsements are used for advertisement just because they can create an appeal and can increase its attractiveness for the viewers and consumers. For example Michael Jordan acted in advertisement for Nike; David Beckham for Gillette and newly made football cup advert of coca cola where Roger Millas celebrates wonderful world of football goals. According to Ohanian (1999) both theory and practice proves that the use of super stars in advertisements generates a lot of publicity as well as draws the attention of public. Most of the companies try to utilise the already made image of the celebrities to attract more customer base and increase their loyalty. As in this highly competitive business environment brand loyalty has become the utmost important for success. Companies use celebrities endorsement in the advertisements so that they are able to associate with celebrity and are able to cash there image for a long period of time. It is said that, If the consumers are able to see the link between the celebrity and the product then the endorsements can be highly effective (Hsu and McDonald, 2002). It is believed that attractive endorsers can be highly affective while promoting products and can be used to enhance consumers attractiveness. Attractive people have greater influences on the consumers compared to unattractive people (Till and Busler, 1998). Till (1998) states companies used celebrity endorsers either sporadically or opportunistically at the whim of the client or the agency. Paying back for the investments in the celebrity endorsement usually comes from using the celebrity regularly over time. The reputation strengthens the associative link for those consumers who were already aware of the celebrity endorsement. It also increases the pole of consumers who begins to make themselves aware of the link between the brand and the celebrity. Some marketers change celebrity endorsers very frequently which weakens the benefit expected to be derived from the endorser. Such as Nikes consistent use of Michael Jordon has encouraged customers to think about Nike when thinking about Jordon and vice versa these have shown that Nike and Jordon have become a part of each others association similarly association of the Nike and Tiger woods have made same impact as whenever customers think of golf products they think of the Tiger woods and its endorsed Nike product. McCracken (1989) proposed the hypothesis that endorsers are more effective when there is a fit between the endorser and the endorsed product. Byrne et al (2003, p.289) states celebrity can help the brand to rebuilt and even create a new identity with new dimensions. Celebrity endorsement boosts brands attractiveness among the consumers and saves valuable time in terms of creating the credibility. When consumers see a credible celebrity endorsing a product they think the company has to be good and reputed. The major job for the company is to choose the right kind of the celebrity for the endorsement and its the job of the advertisers within the company to match the companys image or product with the personality of the celebrity and characteristics of the target market to establish effective message and mass expectance. According to the Shimp (2003) two general attributes which are important when determining the effectiveness of the endorsers as well as the communications effectiveness are credibility and attractiveness. The first attribute concerns endorsers quality of being believable or trustworthy and the achievements and skills of the celebrity which could correlate with the brand image. The latter attribute refers to the celebrities ability to appeal, attract and engage large consumer base on the basis of their attractiveness. A good example of these would be golf star Tiger Woods whose scandalous image resulted in his ruining his credibility among the consumers which lead to his sponsors (ATT, Gillette, Tag Heuer and Accenture) dropping his advertisements and Anna Kournikova who although has never won any pro-level tournament but was still used by Swiss watch maker Omega to endorse their products because of her international reputation and appealing looks. Purpose and research questions Many of the previous studies on the celebrity endorsement have been focused on how celebrity endorsements influence consumer behavior. But there has been less consideration on the empirical   research on celebrity endorsement specifically on sport celebrity endorsements and in what manner do they use celebrity and how do they addresses the future returns on the investments in celebrities. The lack of proper research in this area inspires the present dissertation. So the main aim of this research would be to gain deeper understanding of the celebrity endorsement and how it influences the consumers behavior specifically in sports industry. To be able to achieve that following question were formulated: 1. Why does sports industry uses celebrity endorsements for promotional strategy? 2. How does celebrity endorsement affect the consumer behavior in sports industry? 3. How does company select the celebrity? 4. How effective are celebrity endorsement for sports industry? Demarcations This topic falls into the very broad area. Limits of both time and resources have led this research to focus on the very specific questions. Therefore the research paper will concentrate specifically on sports industry and will analyses the prominent companies in the field.   Furthermore there are several viewpoints which could be adapted in the research of the celebrity endorsement. There is consumers view point as they are affected by celebrity endorsement and then there is a companys point of view as they use celebrity endorsement as there promotional strategy. The research is done by keeping in mind that both points of views are highly important in understanding the consumer behavior as well as companys approach in promoting celebrity endorsement. Literature review This section of the research paper would be discussing what has already been done by other authors on the topic and their conclusion about the effect on consumer pre-purchasing decisions. Celebrity image is one of the major concerns for the endorser. Whichever company is endorsing celebrity the major issue they have to see is the compatibility between the celebrities and their brand. Advertising companies look for celebrities who compete and maintain an image (Kambitsis et al, 2002). Mostly companies are looking for the some basic properties such as likeability, expertise, trustworthiness and similarity thats what makes celebrity endorser to become a source of persuasive information and this creates a sense of certainty .Physical attractiveness of the endorser is also considerable and can be highly effective in producing an effective message. Acceptance of a message by a receiver could be influenced by celebrity endorsers as believable sources of information about a product or a firm (Amos et al, 2008). The use of celebrity endorsers to support products is explained by balance theory principles too. According to theory, successful companies establish an emotional rela tion between the observer and the endorser and a relation between endorser and brand too (Mowen, 2000). One of the important issue which arises here is whether there is a link between the consumers purchasing intention and celebrity endorsement. Many researchers have concluded that they have observed that many customers will pay a premium price for the product which have been endorsed by celebrities then product which have not been endorsed by celebrity. But the consumer should be able to see associations between the product and endorser as well as his/her intentions and purpose with the endorsers. The question that arises here is how does consumer associates itself with the celebrity endorser, to make a connection and association. It can be simply identified as most of the   companies choose an endorser who uses the product and where the use of the product is reflected due to endorsers professional expertise (Daneshvary and schwer, 2002). An athlete endorser such as David Beckham endorses football shoe then association can be seen but if he endorses golf products or racing car then customer will not be able to identify association. Therefore companies have to be very careful while associating with brand and product with the endorser so that they are able to utilize endorsers capabilities according to their need. Celebrity endorsement based on attractiveness is common among everyday consumers which, most of the time, effect consumers positively. Michael Jordon is an example of an attractive endorser but his effectiveness is likely greater when endorsing to this athletic ability is more rather than the products which are not relate to athletic performances. Consumers often have the positive effect towards the product and the celebrity despite the fact it is well known that the endorser earned a lot when promoting a product. (Cronley et al., 1999) Its more effective to use celebrity endorsement constantly to increase the strength of the link between the celebrity and the endorsed brand. Its also more effective to use celebrity who is not associated with another product (Till, 1998). When a Celebrity endorses only one or two products it is significantly more trustworthy than a celebrity who endorses even more products (Tripp at al., 1994). Celebrity endorsement can have both positive and negative effect on companys image e.g., many celebrities who switch their endorsement to the rival brands increase the risk of negative impact and confusion among the consumers. Pros and cons of celebrity endorsement Erdrogen (1999) states that academic findings and company reports safely argues that celebrity endorsers are more effective than non celebrity endorsers   when it comes to generate all desirable outcomes (attitudes towards advertisings and endorsed brands, intension to purchase and actual sales). Companies mostly utilize celebrities whose public image and personality match with product and the target audience and who have not endorsed previously. It has been clearly understood by the advertisers that celebrity endorsement has the significant potential to increase the recognition of the product and the brand. The increasing competition and new product increase in the market have made companies and marketers to use attention creating media stars to assist product marketing (Erdogan, 1999). With recent technology such as remote controlled televisions, video controlled systems, internet and satellite television, the power over programmed advertisements have increased and has made advertising more challenging. These threats with increased products, competition and technology development can be eased by the use of the celebrity endorsements as celebrity presence in the advertisement tend to   make impact on consumers reaction toward the advertisement and can help making advertising stand out from the clutter(Erdogan, 1999). Advertisers use celebrity to develop the communication between the consumers and the brand by cutting down excessive noise in the communication process. Some of the most complicated problem with the global marketing is to enter foreign countries due to cultural roadblocks such as time space, language relationships, a powerful risk, masculinity, femininity. And to overcome this problem companies hire local celebrities as they are powerful means to enter the foreign market. It makes it easier for companies to make the local people understand and associate the product with them. But it can also bring too many risks as well mostly because celebrities loss of credibility due to the frequently changes in endorsements or if celebrity drops in popularity. Therefore celebrity endorsement is a creative as well as risky tool for the companies. The whole process of celebrity endorsements needs a proper strategic plan before risking their investment.   Celebrity Endorsers Effect on consumers attitude Marketers and advertisers are particularly interested in consumers attitudes towards advertisements and brands. They always need to be aware of how sensitive consumers are about the adverts and brands. And they should know how do consumers start liking the product and consider it. It very much depends upon the consumers attitude towards certain product or brand or celebrity endorser. An attitude shows whether we like something or not. Attitudes have three basic components: affective, cognitive and behavioral. Affective component is related to our liking or feelings about an object. Cognitive is referred to beliefs about an object and behavioral component regards actions we take about that object (Severin and Tankard, 2001). Attitude towards advertisement is defined as a learned tendency to respond in a consistently desirable or undesirable approach toward advertisement in general (Haghirian, 2004). Determinants of advertisement consist of attitude towards the advertiser, assessment o f the advertising execution itself, the mood evoked by advertising and the extent to which the advertising affect viewers encouragement. A successful advertisement in one country or region is not necessary it will be successful in other parts of the world as what makes advertisement impressive will change noticeably in cross-culturally. Many researchers have concluded that the use of the celebrity endorsement in advertising creates constructive impact on attitudes of the consumer towards products and brands with which they are associated. Agarwal and Malhotra (2005) have defined brand attitude as consumers general evaluative judgment of a brand based on brand beliefs. Such beliefs concern product-related attributes, like practical and experimental benefits. A successful endorser is able to enhance intentions and preferences towards brands directly or indirectly. An endorser who has major source factors of credibility (like expertise, trustworthiness and effectiveness) is able to imp ress purchase intentions of the consumer considerably (Liu et al, 2007). Information from a credible source can impress ideas, attitudes and behaviour through a process called internalization(Belch and Belch, 1993).   Internalization occurs when the receiver is motivated to have an issue. The receiver learns and accepts the idea of the credible spokesperson, since he supposes that information of this person represents an accurate position on the issue. Therefore, if such spokesperson who is known to be an expert endorses a product, consumers will more probably have a desirable idea about that advertisement and brand and they will consider it in their shopping list the next time they go shopping. Researchers have used the identification process of social influence in order to explain the effectiveness of celebrity endorsers (Basil, 1996). This theory suggests that if an individual identifies with another individual, then he is more likely to accept an attitude or behavior of that individual or a group. The internalization process of social influence occurs when an individual accepts influence because the induced behavior is congruent with his value system. An individual accepts the influence, since it provides a solution to a problem (Daneshvary and Schwer, 2000) A successful endorser strategy can enhance the level of consumers recalling towards product information, reinforces consumers recognition to endorsed brands, positively influences consumers attitude to low-involved products and even enhance consumers purchase intention and preference towards brands (Liu et al, 2007) Celebrity endorsement and its involvement sports industry Sports industry is becoming the vital revenue generator in world economy and it is mainly due to increase in the broadcast coverage of important sporting events like Olympics, World Cup football, UEFA Cup, Wimbledon, US Open, Australian Open, French Open, Formula 1 racing, World Athletic meet, NBA and Basketball championship .Due to increase coverage sports persons have started becoming celebrities as more and more people know them and consider them as their idols. Sports celebrities have become major spectacles of todays media culture. Sports celebrities have been looked upon as role models from the todays young generation.   Most of the sports companies (Adidas, Nike, Wilson, Puma, Slazenger, Stiga, Dunlop and Yonex ) which have international recognition wants to have an international sport celebrity which is recognised by the most of their consumers and has enough credibility and attractiveness to appeal to large customer base. Due to which, Celebrity endorsements in the sport i ndustry continues to grow both in number and value. Certain athletes are utilized by brands as endorsers of their products because of the celebrity status gained by these athletes as a result of their success in their chosen sports. Most models of celebrity endorser effectiveness proposed by previous researchers have been based upon two basic models: the Source Credibility Model (Hovland, Janis, Kelley, 1953; Hovland Weiss, 1951) and the Source Attractiveness Model (McGuire, 1968). The Source Credibility Model significances that the effectiveness of the message is largely determined by the expertise and trustworthiness of the celebrity endorser, which offers explanations for why certain athlete endorsers such as highly successful mens tennis professionals Andre Agassi, Rafael Nadal, and Roger Federer could easily represent any brand of tennis equipment. In a different vein, the Source Attractiveness Model significances that similarity, familiarity, and liking of celebrity endorsers primarily determine their effectiveness, which attempts to explain why some athletes such as Manning, Woods, and racecar driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. can endorse brands in many different product categories. A general measure of physica l attractiveness has often been used to assess celebrity endorser effectiveness, assuming what is beautiful is good (Dion, Berscheid, Walster, 1972). However, mixed findings suggest that caution should be exercised in basing endorsement decisions on this model alone, since consumers perceive physical attractiveness differently. The Product Matchup Hypothesis (Forkan, 1980; Kahle Homer, 1985; Kamins, 1989; Kamins, 1990) emphasizes the need for a matchup, also referred to as congruency or fit, between the celebrity and the product. For example, the fit between Woods and Nike Golf is undeniable. However, according to sport marketing consultant Marc Cagins, Woods has failed as an endorser for Buick because of a lack of fit: People always shook their head as to why he did the deal anyway with Buick. If hes going to do a deal with GM, you would have thought Cadillac more than Buick (Thomaselli, 2008, p. 28).Research based on attractiveness matchup and expertise matchup has supported the hypothesis that celebrity/product fit remains critical to endorsement success. Kamins (1990) tested the matchup hypothesis based on attractiveness and found that the physical attractiveness of a source only mattered when an attractive source was paired with an attractiveness-related product, resulting in increased perceived source credibility and attitude toward the advertisement. Current examples would include the female tennis professionals and sisters Serena and Venus Williams Avon cosmetics campaign and the European mens soccer star Thierry Henry/Woods/Federer Gillette campaign. In a study examining the impact of gender and physical attractiveness on responses to motorsports sponsorships (Roy, Stewart, Goss, 2003), attractiveness played a greater role for female drivers than for male drivers, with the more attractive female drivers perceived as possessing greater expertise with products such as shampoo, tanning products, and dietary products. However, Bower and Landreth (2001) found that highly attractive models were not more effective than normally attractive models for problem-solving, attractiveness-related products and attributed these results to the premise that consumers perceive highly attractive models to have never faced an attractiveness-related problem and therefore have little expertise using these products. To illustrate, this premise would suggest that the current campaign utilizing female tennis star Serena Williams for ProActiv acne medication would be unsuccessful. However, a moderately attractive model may be more likely to be perceived to have faced an attractiveness-related problem and overcome it using the advertised product, fully illustrating the premise that the expertise of the source is more important than the attractiveness of the source.   Chapter 3 Methodology Research can be defined as the search for information or as any organized investigation to establish facts. There are two main types of research methods: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative study uses numerical data to test hypothesis under investigation, which is flexible and objective. Qualitative study uses softer approach to look at perceptions and insights of people based on few samples but in great depth (Silverman, 2006) In quantitative research usually numerical data is collected through surveys.  So that they are able to observe surveys and develop it into the meaningful results. In quantitative research it is important to collect large sample to develop fairly accurate results, small the sample less chances to develop proper results. Qualitative Research Qualitative research helps in developing more meaningful complex researches. It has been characterized into four main approaches: they are observation, record, interpretation and conclusion. In qualitative research data is collected by focus groups or by interviews and then the data is observed thoroughly. Once observed data is collected or recorded in meaningful way so that it is able to be interpreted into understandable form. Then finally conclusion is constructed in a suitable way. Observational study has been criticized to be unreliable and subjective depending on observers understanding of the data. This form of research would be more appropriate at preliminary phase of research (Silverman, 2006). Researcher also uses other approaches to investigates, it is mostly done by reading of various materials on the subject to develop and recognize relevant information. This method of research is less common among qualitative research. Most common method among qualitative research is interviews and focus groups (Silverman, 2006). In interviews, participants respond to questions asked by researcher to investigate their understanding of the subject and allows respondent to elaborate further with his or her ideas and feelings. Focus group method is a more costly approach to carry out than methods mentioned, but often criticized for limited sample size which may not be representative of the population under investigation (Silverman, 2006) Research Method The purpose of this research seeks to investigate the insight and opinions of the consumers over the celebrity endorse and does it really affect the consumer behaviour during the purchasing. To support my research and to understand the consumer behaviour in depth survey will be conducted where common people/consumer from all walks of life and will be collected and interpreted into meaningful results and conclusion.   To understand the subject in the perception of the company interviews will be conducted with the people, who have understanding of the market and know how companies generate profits from the celebrity endorsement and what they make of celebrity endorsements effect on consumers attitude.   Primary Data Collection Primary data is information gather first-hand to contribute to what could be explored further into the research and also to justify. It involves collecting data using basic methods such as interviews, questionnaires, observations and abstractions. But the key point here is that the data collected should be unique and should not resemble with already done researches. The primary data, which is generated by the above methods, may be qualitative in nature (usually in the form of words) or quantitative (usually in the form of numbers or counts of items assessed). In this research both questionnaires and interviews are utilise so that   consumer behaviour could be understood fully from   both prospective consumer as well from companies.in this research questionnaire will have both open and closed ended questions so that prà ©cised options and answers could be obtained and it will be more accurate in interpreting the data. For the interviews, semi-structured pattern with open-ended qu estions will be develop in order to understand   interviewees opinion and belief about a particular matter or situation and not restrict respondents answer to confined questions. Semi-structured questions are used in this research to encourage respondent to elaborate on points they feel appropriate and provide a blueprint for them to understand the progression of the interview (Ruane, 2005). Although qualitative and quantitative data collection can be time consuming, but it is reasoned that this form of research provides more accurate results. Participants for survey are the common people whom answered to a posting on Facebook, tweeter and collage email. Participants for the interview are the managers of the different companies which have international experiences and have some sort of knowledge and understanding of the celebrity endorsements. Researcher carefully examined each participants position and company background to ensure they correspond to requirements of this research. The final participants were chosen upon their qualification and availability. Interviews were conducted personally in their respected office due to their availability in the London U.K .The time assumed for interviews were 20 to 30 minute but Interviews were longer than predicted, as participants were remarkably eager to elaborate their answers with personal experiences; each interview lasted about 30minutes to 60 minutes. 3.5 Limitations An extra care is need in preparing the questions for the interview and questionnaire as if researcher conducts the structure too loosely then it may lead to undesirable information making the result and concision less effective. Therefore structure of interview and questionnaire should be in a way that appropriate information is collected. Even semi-structured interview and questionnaire are criticized for possibility of missing information if researcher follows the structure too closely. Availability of the time restricted the research by creating the boundaries such as limited respondents for surveys as well as restricted participation of interviewers. The research was concluded in a limited time frame.